Pravni, psihološki in sociološli vidiki psihičnega nasilja v družini

diplomsko delo

Nina Šumatić (Author), Suzana Kraljić (Mentor)

Abstract

V diplomskem delu sem se poskušala osredotočiti le na psihično nasilje v družini, kar pa ni enostavno, saj je psihično nasilje v družini ponavadi močno prepleteno z ostalimi oblikami nasilja v družini. Ena od lastnosti nasilja v družini je namreč, da se ne pojavlja v eni obliki, ampak se praviloma več oblik nasilja dogaja hkrati. Psihično nasilje, kot samostojna oblika nasilja v družini je prisotno prav vsepovsod, saj to nasilje zajema širok spekter ravnanj, od očitne verbalne nasilnosti, do najbolj prefinjenih in težko razpoznavnih manipulacij. Zakon pa prepoveduje le najbolj očitne in za drugega boleče oblike psihičnega nasilja v družini. Z uveljavitvijo Kazenskega zakonika je nasilje v družini inkriminirano kot samostojno kaznivo dejanje v 191. členu. Psihično nasilje je v 191. členu inkriminirano kot izvršitveno ravnanje grdega ravnanja, bolečega in ponižujočega ravnanja, groženj, spravljanja drugega v podrejeni položaj z omejevanjem njegovih pravic, zalezovanje ter psihično prisiljevanje k delu. Zakon o preprečevanju nasilja v družini (ZPND), kot psihično nasilje določa ravnanja, s katerim povzročitelj nasilja pri družinskem članu povzroči strah, ponižanje, občutek manjvrednost, ogroženosti in druge duševne stiske. Nadalje ZPND razširja opredelitev psihičnega nasilja, kadar je žrtev otrok. Otrok je namreč žrtev psihičnega nasilja tudi, če je opazovalec nasilja nad drugim družinskim članom, pa sam ni neposredno izpostavljen nasilnim dejanjem. ZPND predvideva tudi ukrepe za zagotovitev varnosti žrtev. Ukrepi, ki jih izreče sodišče v nepravdnem postopku so: 1. Prepovedi zaradi nasilnih dejanj, ki je vsebinsko podobna prepovedi približevanja po Zakonu o policiji. Določba 19. člena ZPND žrtvi omogoča, da sodišču sama predlaga ustrezne prepovedi. Z njihovo uveljavitvijo se skuša zagotoviti celovito varstvo žrtev nasilja v družini. 2. Prepustitev stanovanja v skupni rabi, je novost v našem pravu in dopolnjuje varstvo žrtve z odstranitvijo nasilneža iz stanovanja, v katerem je do takrat bival skupaj z žrtvijo, za daljše obdobje — do enega leta. 3. Stanovanjsko varstvo v primeru nasilja ob razvezi, je ukrep, ki rešuje stanovanjsko problematiko žrtve, ki je v razveznem postopku s povzročiteljem nasilja, in pri tem poudarja varstvo koristi otrok. Ob razvezi zakonske zveze sme zakonec, nad katerim drugi zakonec izvaja nasilje ali če izvaja nasilje nad njegovimi otroki, zahtevati, da mu drugi zakonec prepusti v izključno uporabo stanovanje, v katerem skupaj živita oziroma sta živela. Veliko pozornosti sem v diplomskem delu posvetila otrokom, žrtvam psihičnega nasilja v družini ter posledicam takega psihičnega trpinčenja otrok. Za varstvo pravic otroka ter pravic staršev do otroka, je za enkrat še pristojen Zakon o zakonski zvezi in družinskih razmerjih, vendar, ga bo predvidoma že pomladi 2010 zamenjal nov Družinski zakonik (DZ). Po novem DZ se pristojnosti centrov za socialno delo (CSD), o ukrepih v primeru zlorabe ter trpinčenja otrok selijo na sodišča. V pristojnost CSD ostajajo le nujni ukrepi, to so ukrepi o nujnem odvzemu otroka, ki ga ni mogoče odlagati. CSD mora v 48 urah po izvršenem ukrepu predlagati začasno odredbo o kateri odloči sodišče. Trpinčenje otroka pa ne zajema nujno samo zlorabe, ampak lahko zajema tudi obdobje po prijavi zlorabe ustreznim institucijam, v času kazenskega postopka. V diplomi, so omenjene nekatere spremembe v kazenskem postopku, ki bi zmanjšale psihično travmo otroka — priče. Nekatere omenjene spremembe, ki bi omogočale, da se otrokovo psihološko stanje izboljšuje hitreje, so predvidene tudi v osnutku novega Zakona o kazenskem postopku (ZKP). Osnutek ZKP določa, da se otroka zasliši le enkrat, otroka, mlajšega od štirinajst let, pa se lahko zasliši v njemu bolj prijaznem okolju. Osnutek tudi prvič ureja, da ima mladoletni oškodovanec pravico do pooblaščenca že v preiskovalnem postopku.

Keywords

družinsko pravo;psihična nasilja;mladoletniki;otrokove pravice;družinski zakonik;diplomska dela;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2010
Source:	Maribor
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UM PF - Faculty of Law
Publisher:	[N. Šumatić]
UDC:	347.61(043.2)
COBISS:	4022315
Views:	6052
Downloads:	779
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
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Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	LEGAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
Secondary abstract:	THESIS SUMMARY The author’s main focus of the thesis is the psychological violence in the family, yet this kind of violence is often intertwined with other forms of domestic violence. One of the characteristics of domestic violence is namely that it does not appear only in one form but is mostly present in various types simultaneously. As an independent form of domestic abuse psychological violence in the family is ubiquitous and covers a broad spectrum of behaviour – from an obvious verbal attack to the most sophisticated and hard recognizable manipulations. However only the most evident and pain causing forms of psychological domestic violence are prohibited by the law. With the enforcement of the Penal Code the domestic violence is incriminated as an independent criminal offense in the Article 191. In Article 191 psychological violence is incriminated as an ill-treatment, a painful and humiliating treatment, threatening, subjugating someone with limiting his/her rights, stalking and psychological compulsion to work. The Domestic violence act of the Republic of Slovenia (DVA) defines psychological violence as such behaviour of a family member that causes fear, humiliation, a feeling of inferiority and threat as well as other mental distresses. Furthermore the DVA covers a wider area within psychological violence when the victim is a child. Children are victims of psychological violence even when they are only bystanders watching violence against another family member and are not directly exposed to violence themselves. The DVA also implemented measures that ensure victim protection. Measures that can be declared by the court in non-ligitious procedures are: 1. Violent act measures that are similar in content to a stay-away order according to the Police Act. A clause in Article 19 of the DVA enables the victim to motion the appropriate measures himself. The enforcement of these measures serves to ensure the victim's protection in the family. 2. The release of housing in common use is new in Slovenian law. It serves a better protection of the victim since the act of violence committer is banned from the accommodation for a longer period of time (up to one year). 3. Housing protection in the case of violence while separating is a measure that solves the accommodation issue of the victim that is in the process of separating with the violence act committer. The emphasis of this measure is the protection of the interest of minors. When in the process of separation, the victim or, if the victims are minors, the parent of the victim can demand from the acts of violence committer to surrender the housing in common use in sole use. In this thesis the emphasis is on the children that are victims of psychological and physical violence and on the consequences of these types of violence. The safeguard of children's rights and parents' rights to their child is in Slovenia currently handled by the Marriage and Family Relations Act but will be replaced by the new Family Code (FC), probably as soon as spring 2010. The FC of the Republic of Slovenia states that the competence of Social Work Centres to decide on measure in cases of mistreatment and cruel treatment falls under the jurisdiction of the courts. The competence of Social Work Centres will now only be in urgent matters, such as an urgent removing a child from a harmful environment. In 48 hours after the measure has taken place the Social Work Centre has to suggest a temporary decision which is then determined by the court. The cruel treatment of children is not necessarily just the mistreatment but can also include the period after the mistreatment has been reported to the proper authorities and during the criminal proceeding. The thesis also mentions several changes in the criminal proceeding aimed at reducing the psychological trauma of the child witness. Some of the proposed changes that would enable a faster recovery time of the child's psychological state are also proposed in the draft for the new Criminal Procedure Act of the Republic of Sloveni
Secondary keywords:	psychological violence;protection measures for victims;safeguard for minors;Family Code;children's rights.;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS):	Undergraduate thesis
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Pravna fakulteta
Pages:	122 f.
Keywords (UDC):	social sciences;družbene vede;law;jurisprudence;pravo;pravoznanstvo;civil law;civilno pravo;family law;law of inheritance;heirs;successors;
ID:	1010786