Kriminološki vidiki trgovine z ljudmi

diplomsko delo

Katja Drnovšek (Author), Zlatko Dežman (Mentor)

Abstract

Trgovina z ljudmi je pojav, ki ga lahko spremljamo skozi večji del človeške zgodovine in se najpogosteje pojavlja kot zloraba z namenom prostitucije druge osebe, prisilno delo, suženjstvo ali suženjstvu podobne oblike in kot odstranitev organov za namen nelegalne transplantacije. V preteklosti je bila trgovina z ljudmi marsikje sprejemljivo ravnanje, danes pa je praktično povsod prepovedana. Žrtve so lahko vseh starosti, stopenj izobrazbe, obeh spolov, iz različnih ekonomskih, socialnih in kulturnih okolij. Kljub temu pa največji delež žrtev prihaja iz posebej ranljivih kategorij — ženske in otroci iz revnejših okolij, kjer se srečujejo z ekonomskimi težavami, visoko stopnjo brezposelnosti, zapostavljanjem in diskriminacijo, nasiljem in kriminaliteto ter nizko stopnjo izobrazbe. Ker si želijo izboljšati svoje življenje, hkrati pa imajo idealizirane predstave o življenju in delu v tujini, so takšne osebe lahek plen trgovcev, ki so večinoma člani organiziranih hudodelskih združb. Ti izkoristijo njihov položaj in jih novačijo s pomočjo groženj, fizične sile in prevare, po prehodu meje pa jih novi lastniki običajno zasužnjijo z odvzemom dokumentov in zahtevo, da z delom odplačajo dolg v znesku, ki ga je lastnik moral za njih plačati trgovcem. Natančne podatke o številu žrtev trgovine z ljudmi in o storilcih je zaradi neenotne metodologije raziskav, neusklajenosti med nevladnimi organizacijami in policijo ter zaradi iznajdljivosti storilcev težko dobiti, grobe ocene pa govorijo o več milijonih žrtev na leto in o bajnih zaslužkih trgovcev z ljudmi. Pojav poskušajo države omejiti z mednarodnim sodelovanjem, z enotno zakonodajo in s pomočjo mednarodnih, vladnih in nevladnih organizacij, na katere se žrtve najpogosteje obrnejo. Kljub trudu mednarodne skupnosti je trgovina z ljudmi še vedno ena od najhitreje rastočih kriminalnih dejavnosti. V diplomski nalogi sem s pomočjo deskriptivne, primerjalne in v manjši meri analitične metode razložila težave z definicijo trgovine z ljudmi, navedla značilnosti pojava in njegove oblike, predstavila njegovo razširjenost v svetu, v Evropi in v Sloveniji in vzroke za njo, opisala skupne značilnosti žrtev in navedla oblike pomoči, ki jo nudijo vladne in nevladne organizacije ter na kratko predstavila pravne vire, ki obravnavajo trgovino z ljudmi in načine pregona.

Keywords

kazensko pravo;trgovina z ljudmi;prostitucija;trgovina z organi;prisilno delo;suženjstvo;diplomska dela;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2010
Source:	Maribor
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UM PF - Faculty of Law
Publisher:	[K. Drnovšek]
UDC:	34(043.2)
COBISS:	4120619
Views:	3183
Downloads:	636
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	CRIMINOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS
Secondary abstract:	Trafficking in human beings is a phenomenon that can be traced throughout human history and most commonly takes the form of the prostitution of others, forced labour, slavery or practices similar to slavery, as well as the removal of organs for the purpose of illegal transplants. While trafficking in human beings was an acceptable practice in many countries in the past, it is nowadays prohibited almost everywhere. Victims can be of all ages, levels of education, of both sexes and from different economic, social and cultural backgrounds. However, most of them belong to particularly vulnerable categories – they are mostly women and children from poor countries, where they have to deal with economic problems, high unemployment, neglect, discrimination, violence and low education. They want to improve their lives and have an unrealistic idea about living and working abroad. This makes them easy prey for traffickers, who are mostly members of criminal organizations. They take advantage of the victims’ situation and recruit them through threats, physical force and fraud. After the victims cross the border, they are usually enslaved by their new owners, who take away their documents and demand repayment of money that was paid for them in the form of labour. While exact figures concerning victims and traffickers are difficult to obtain due to non-uniform research methodology, lack of coordination between nongovernmental organizations and police, and inventiveness of traffickers, rough estimates point to several millions of people falling victim to trafficking every year and suggest enormous profits. Countries are trying hard to reduce trafficking through international cooperation, uniform legislation and help from international, governmental and nongovernmental organizations to which most of victims turn for help, but in spite of all these efforts, trafficking with human beings is still one of the fastest spreading criminal activities. In my diploma thesis, I used the descriptive, comparative and to a lesser extent analytical method to explain various problems relating to the definition of human trafficking; to state its characteristics and forms; to present its extent in the world, in Europe and in Slovenia; to list its causes; to describe common characteristics of victims; to present the forms of assistance offered to victims by governmental and nongovernmental organizations; and to give a brief presentation of the legislation on trafficking with human beings and its prosecution.
Secondary keywords:	trafficking in human beings;prostitution;trafficking in organs;forced labour;slavery;organized crime;victims;traffickers;debt bondage;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS):	Undergraduate thesis
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Pravna fakulteta
Pages:	76 f.
Keywords (UDC):	social sciences;družbene vede;law;jurisprudence;pravo;pravoznanstvo;
ID:	1012283