Uporaba ekstrakcijskih in kromatografskih metod za separacijo biološko aktivnih snovi

diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študijskega programa

Miha Oman (Author), Željko Knez (Mentor), Mojca Škerget (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Biološko aktivne snovi so substance, ki imajo efekt na tkiva živih organizmov. V diplomski nalogi smo raziskovali različne separacijske procese za izolacijo takih komponent iz rastlinskih materialov. Osredotočili smo se predvsem na ekstrakcijske in kromatografske metode separacije in primerjali smo konvencionalne metode z metodami s superkritičnimi fluidi. Najprej smo opravili visokotlačne ekstrakcije (ekstrakcije s superkritičnim fluidom — SFE) bučne pogače s propanom. Eksperimente smo izvedli pri različnih pogojih, opazovali smo kinetiko in končni izkoristek bučnega olja vsake superkritične ekstrakcije. Po teh eksperimentih smo bučno pogačo ekstrahirali še z različnimi organskimi topili (petroleter in etanol). Primerjali smo izkoristke med posameznimi tipi ekstrakcij in preverili ali so prisotna organska topila v ekstraktu. Ko smo vse ekstrakcije opravili, smo različne metode med seboj na splošno primerjali. Poskušali smo določiti, kakšne so prednosti in slabosti ene in druge in dejanska uporaba v industriji. V drugem delu diplomske naloge smo se ukvarjali s kromatografskimi postopki separacije. Izvedli smo konvencionalno kolonsko kromatografijo surovega lecitina pri različnih temperaturah (25 °C, 40 °C in 60 °C). Iz surovega lecitina, v katerem je veliko fosfolipidov, smo poskušali skoncentrirati fosfatidilholin, ki je pomemben za žive organizme, saj sestavlja celične membrane. Kakor je SFE alternativa konvencionalnim ekstrakcijam, je kromatografija s superkritičnimi fluidi (SFC) alternativa konvencionalni kolonski kromatografiji. V naslednji fazi smo zato raziskovali parametre, ki so pomembni za pripravo metode separacije s SFC. Uporabili smo superkritični CO2 in se pri tem seznanili o njegovih lastnostih. Po opravljenih eksperimentih smo različne kromatografije primerjali med seboj in razpravljali o potencialni uporabi v industriji.

Keywords

ekstrakcija;kromatografija;superkritični fliudi;fosfolipidi;propan;CO2;ogljikov dioksid;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2010
Source:	Maribor
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UM FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Publisher:	[M. Oman]
UDC:	543.54-139:66.061(043.2)
COBISS:	14995734
Views:	2524
Downloads:	422
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Application of extraction and chromatographic metods for separation of bioactive compounds
Secondary abstract:	Bioactive compounds are substances with effect on livng tissue. In diploma thessis varius separation processes for isolation of bioactive compounds from plant materials were explored. Research work was focused on extraction and chromatographic separation methods and conventional methods were compared with methods using SCF. First high-pressure extractions (supercritical fluid extractions – SFE) of pumkin cake with propane were done. Our experiments were carried out at varius conditions and cinetics and final yields of pumpkin oil of each SFE was observed. After those experiments extration of pumpkin oil from pumkin cake with organic solvents (petroleum benzine and ethanol) was made. The yield of each type of ectraction was compared and it was checked whether there was any organic solvent left in extract. After all extractions were done, varius methods were compared and advantages and disadvantages and actual application in the industry were discussed In second part of the diploma thessis chromatographic prccedures of separation were studied. Frst conventional column chromatography of raw lecithin at varius temperatures (25 °C, 40 °C and 60 °C) was carried out. The aim was to concentrate phosphatidilchlin (component of cell membranes), from raw lecithin, which is rich with phosholipids. As SFE in an alternative to conventional extracion, the supercritical chromatografy (SFC) presents an alternative to conventional column chromatography. In next phase the parameters, important for design of separation methods with SFC, were explored. In our experiments SF-CO2 was used and its propreties were observed. After all experiments were done, varius types of chromatography in general were compared and potential applications in industrial scale were discussed.
Secondary keywords:	extraction;chromatography;supercritical fluids;phospholipids;propane;CO2;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS):	Undergraduate thesis
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo
Pages:	56 f.
Keywords (UDC):	mathematics;natural sciences;naravoslovne vede;matematika;chemistry;crystallography;mineralogy;kemija;analytical chemistry;analizna kemija;physicochemical methods of analysis (other than optical methods);applied sciences;medicine;technology;uporabne znanosti;medicina;tehnika;chemical technology;chemical and related industries;kemijska tehnologija;kemijske in sorodne industrije;chemical technology of liquids;processes and equipment for treatment of or with liquids;kemijska tehnologija tekočin;procesi in oprema za obdelovanje tekočin ali za obdelovanje z njimi;
ID:	1012589