diplomsko delo
Gregor Majcen (Author), Zlatko Dežman (Mentor)

Abstract

V uvodnem delu naloge sem opredelil, kaj je elektronski dokaz in kako ga poimenujejo različni pravni akti. Smernice in načela, ki jih je treba spoštovati pri obravnavanju elektronskih dokazov, opredeljujejo različne mednarodne organizacije in raziskave. Postopke ureja Zakon o kazenskem postopku (ZKP), ki je bil v ta namen spremenjen z novelo ZKP-J. Povod za spremembe so bili, poleg nujnosti ureditve tega področja, predvsem sodba Ustavnega sodišča RS in Konvencija o kibernetski kriminaliteti. Ker preiskava elektronskih naprav in dokazov zahteva specifična znanja, se je temu prilagodila tudi organizacija slovenske Policije in ustanovila Center za računalniško preiskovanje ter štiri regijske oddelke. V jedru naloge sem razčlenil 219.a in 223.a člen ZKP. Določbe, ki so v posameznih odstavkih teh členov, sem uredil vsebinsko glede na zaseg, zavarovanje in preiskavo elektronskih naprav in podatkov, torej glede na procesno dejanje, ki ga urejajo. Opisal sem tudi nekaj povsem tehničnih problemov. Ločimo zaseg elektronske naprave in forenzični zaseg, v katerem se zavaruje in shrani podatke iz elektronske naprave. Zavarovanje podatkov je tehnični postopek, ki mora zagotoviti možnost naknadnega preverjanja istovetnosti in integritete, kar se zagotovi predvsem z izračunom kontrolne vrednosti. Za vsak vpogled/poseg v vsebino zaseženih podatkov je potrebna odredba sodišča. Preiskava se osredotoča na podatke in ne na elektronsko napravo. Posebno težavo predstavlja razkritje šifrirnega gesla, kar so države različno uredile. V Sloveniji se upošteva privilegij zoper samoobtožbo, zato je izročitev ključa in gesla izpoved zoper samega sebe. Nalogo sem sklenil z ugotovitvami, da je tovrstno področje preiskovanja zelo dinamično, ker se tehnologija nenehno razvija in spreminja, storilci pa pogosto uporabljajo protiforenzične metode, ki so enostavne za uporabo in zelo učinkovite. Omenil sem tudi, da je v Sloveniji dokazni sistem v kazenskem postopku naravnan tako, da sodišče ne sme zavrniti dokaznega predloga zaradi finančnih razlogov. Pričakujem, da bo v prihodnje ekonomska upravičenost preiskav, ko pričakovana korist ne bo presegala stroškov preiskave, pod drobnogledom. Iz navedenih razlogov se bo pravna ureditev tega področja prav gotovo še spreminjala.

Keywords

kazensko pravo;digitalni dokazi;elektronski dokazi;forenziki;diplomska dela;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Source: Maribor
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UM PF - Faculty of Law
Publisher: [G. Majcen]
UDC: 34(043.2)
COBISS: 4210987 Link will open in a new window
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE IN CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS
Secondary abstract: In the introductory part of the paper I have defined electronic evidence and how it is described in different legal acts. Guidelines and principles which need to be respected in dealing with electronic evidences were determined by various international organizations and researches. Procedures are regulated with Code of criminal procedures (CCP), which was modified for this purpose with changes in act CCP-J. The reasons for these changes were, in addition to the necessity of regulation of this area, decision of the Constitutional court of Republic of Slovenia and the Convention on cybercrime. The investigation of electronic devices and evidences requires specific knowledge, which is why Slovenian police adapted the organization and set up a Center for computer investigation and four regional divisions. In the core of the paper, I analyzed articles 219.a and 223.a from the CCP. I arranged the provisions in each paragraph of the articles in content according to the seizure, insurance and investigation of electronic devices and data, therefore according to the act governing it. I have also described some technical problems. We distinguish between the seizure of electronic devices and the forensic seizure in which information from an electronic device are protected and stored. Securing data is a technical process which must ensure the possibility of subsequent verification of the identity and integrity, which is provided primarily by calculating the hash value. For each intervention/view in the content of seized data, court order is needed. The investigation focuses on data and not on the electronic device. A special problem is the disclosure of the encryption password, which countries solved differently. In Slovenia the privilege against self-incrimination is taken into account, where the delivery of keys and passwords are testimony against oneself. I concluded the paper by stating that this is a highly dynamic area of investigation, because the technology is evolving and changing and the perpetrators are using anti-forensics methods that are easy to use and very effective. I also mentioned that in Slovenian criminal procedure, courts cannot refuse proposal of evidence for financial reasons. It can be expected that in the future economic eligibility, when the potential benefit will not exceed the costs of examination, will be under consideration. For the above mentioned reasons, the legal regulation of this area will certainly be changing.
Secondary keywords: Code of criminal procedures;CCP-J;digital evidence;electronic evidence;digital forensics;criminal procedure law;investigation of electronic devices;forensic seizure;information technology;
URN: URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS): Undergraduate thesis
Thesis comment: Univ. v Mariboru, Pravna fak.
Pages: VI, 55 f.
Keywords (UDC): social sciences;družbene vede;law;jurisprudence;pravo;pravoznanstvo;
ID: 1013925