Primerjava konvencionalne in superkritične ekstrakcije lanenega semena

diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študijskega programa

Daša Brumec (Author), Mojca Škerget (Mentor), Željko Knez (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Pri konvencionalni in superkritični ekstrakciji smo kot material uporabili zmleto laneno seme. Kot konvencionalno ekstrakcijo smo uporabili metode: ekstrakcijo po Soxhletu, ekstrakcijo z etanolom pri povišanih tlakih in ekstrakcijo z ultrazvokom. Superkritične ekstrakcije smo izvedli s pomočjo laboratorijske visokotlačne ekstrakcijske naprave, kjer smo s črpalko črpali ogljikov dioksid in propan iz jeklenke v avtoklav skozi nasutje semena pri različnih tlakih in temperaturah ter s pilotno ekstrakcijsko napravo (UHDE) z ogljikovim dioksidom pri tlaku 480 bar in različnih temperaturah. Ekstrakte (laneno olje) smo hranili v embalažah, zaščitenih pred svetlobo v zamrzovalniku. Vsebnost maščobnih kislin v ekstraktih smo analizirali s pomočjo plinske kromatografije. Največji izkoristki pri postopku superkritičnih ekstrakcij s propanom in ogljikovim dioksidom so bili dobljeni z uporabo propana. S tem smo ugotovili, da je laneno olje bolj topno v propanu. Pri konvencionalni ekstrakciji po Soxhletu je bilo olje najbolj topno v heksanu, ki je nepolarno topilo. Pri superkritični ekstrakciji smo dobili največje izkoristke pri najvišjem tlaku in temperaturi. Tlak in temperatura povečata topnost topljenca v izbranem topilu. Največ vrst maščobnih kislin smo dobili pri konvencionalni ekstrakciji po Soxhletu z uporabo etanola. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da so vsi ekstrakti vsebovali znatno nižjo koncentracijo maščobnih kislin od pričakovane.

Keywords

konvencionalna ekstrakcija;superkritična ekstrakcija;laneno seme;laneno olje;superkritični fluidi;plinska kromatografija;maščobne kisline;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2011
Source:	Maribor
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UM FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Publisher:	[D. Brumec]
UDC:	66.061.34-987(043.2)
COBISS:	15770902
Views:	2825
Downloads:	383
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Comparison of conventional and supercritical extraction of flaxseeds
Secondary abstract:	In conventional and supercritical extraction ground flaxseed was used. Conventional extraction methods used were: Soxhlet extraction, extraction with ethanol at elevated pressures and extraction with ultrasound. Supercritical extractions were carried out using the laboratory high-pressure extraction plant, which pumps carbon dioxide and propane from a cylinder through the be seeds in the extractor at different pressures and temperatures and by using extraction pilot plant (UHDE) with carbon dioxide at a pressure of 480 bar and different temperatures. Extracts (flaxseed oil) have been stored in containers protected from light in the freezer. Fatty acids in the extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography. Maximum yields of supercritical extraction with propane and carbon dioxide were obtained by the use of propane. It was found that flaxseed oil is more soluble in propane. In conventional Soxhlet extraction the oil was the most soluble in hexane, which is non-polar solvent. In supercritical extraction the highest yields were obtained at the maximum pressure and temperature. Increase of pressure and temperature increas the solute solubility in the chosen solvent. Several types of fatty acids were obtained by conventional extraction with Soxhlet aparature. It was found that all extracts contained significantly lower concentrations of fatty acids than expected.
Secondary keywords:	conventional extraction;supercritical fluids;supercritical extraction;linseed oil;gas chromatography;fatty acid;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS):	Undergraduate thesis
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo
Pages:	XIII, 88 f.
Keywords (UDC):	applied sciences;medicine;technology;uporabne znanosti;medicina;tehnika;chemical technology;chemical and related industries;kemijska tehnologija;kemijske in sorodne industrije;chemical technology of liquids;processes and equipment for treatment of or with liquids;kemijska tehnologija tekočin;procesi in oprema za obdelovanje tekočin ali za obdelovanje z njimi;
ID:	1016128