Izolacija nanoceluloze iz biološkega materiala

diplomsko delo visokošolskega strokovnega študijskega programa I. stopnje

Urša Stradovnik (Author), Maja Leitgeb (Mentor), Katja Heržič (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Nanoceluloza je za večino ljudi še ne poznan material, kljub temu da so ga že odkrili v prejšnjem stoletju. Nanocelulozo bi lahko poimenovali kot material prihodnosti. Je produkt, ki je narejen iz celuloze oziroma iz materialov, ki jih najdemo v naravi. Izkoristimo jo lahko v številnih aplikacijah, saj z dodatkom nanoceluloze izboljšamo lastnosti materialov. Glavni namen diplomskega dela je pridobiti nanocelulozo iz nizkocenovnih materialov ter pridobiti podatke o materialih, iz katerih nanoceluloze še niso izolirali. Nanocelulozo smo izolirali iz štirih različnih materialov: ciprese, praproti, pušpana in storža. Naša želja je pridobiti nanokristalinično celulozo. V diplomski nalogi je prikazan kemijski postopek izdelave nanoceluloze, pri katerem smo materiale namakali v vodnih raztopinah NaOH, H2O2, HCl in H2SO4 pri povišani temperaturi in pridobili nanovlakna. Posušene vzorce smo analizirali s karakterizacijskimi metodami (določevanje vsebnosti vlage in pepela, rentgentska praškovna difrakcija (XRD), Fourierjeva transformacijska infrardeča spektroskopija (FTIR) in vrstični elektronski mikroskop (SEM)). Z določevanjem vsebnosti vlage smo ugotovili, da so posušeni vzorci vsebovali vezano vlago. Rezultati vsebnosti pepela pa so pokazali, da so vzorci vsebovali mineralne snovi, ker se te med sežigom niso uničile, saj predstavljajo anorganske snovi, ki so odporne na visoke temperature. Rezultati XRD analize so pokazali, da je imela praprot najvišji indeks kristaliničnosti. Pri FTIR analizi smo dobili zelo podobne spektre za vse štiri materiale. S SEM analizo smo dobili vpogled v strukturo nanoceluloze.

Keywords

celuloza;nanoceluloza;hemiceluloza;izolacija;biološki materiali;diplomske naloge;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2017
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UM FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Publisher:	[U. Stradovnik]
UDC:	543.635.245(043.2)
COBISS:	20691734
Views:	1370
Downloads:	226
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Isolation nanocellulose from biological material
Secondary abstract:	Nanocellulose was discovered in the previous century, but it is nevertheless still an unknown material for most people. Nanocellulose could be named the material of the future. It is a product which is made from cellulose, that is from materials that are found in nature. It can be used in numerous applications, since by adding nanocellulose the material characteristics are improved. The main purpose of this diploma paper is to extract nanocellulose from low-price materials and get data about materials from which nanocellulose hasn’t been isolated yet. Nanocellulose was isolated from four different materials: cypress, fern, box tree and cone. Our wish is to extract NanoCrystalline cellulose. The diploma paper shows the chemical procedure of nanocellulose production, where the materials were soaked in aqueous solutions NaOH, H2O2, HCl and H2SO4 at a high temperature and nanofibers were extracted. The dried samples were analysed by characterisation methods (determination of moisture and ash content, X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)). By determining moisture content we established that the dried samples contained bound moisture. The results of ash content showed that the samples contained mineral substances, since they were not destroyed during the burning, while they represent inorganic substances resistant to high temperature. The results of XRD analysis showed that the fern had the highest crystalline index. The FTIR analysis showed similar spectres for all four materials. The SEM analysis showed the insight into the structure of the extracted nanofibers.
Secondary keywords:	cellulose;nanocellulose;hemicellulose;isolation;biological material;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo
Pages:	X, 35 str.
ID:	10842551