magistrsko delo
Mateja Balanč (Author), Janez Jerman (Mentor)

Abstract

Ugotavljanje in ocenjevanje kakovosti življenja oseb s pridobljeno možgansko poškodbo je pomemben element rehabilitacije, ter nudenja pomoči in podpore tako poškodovanim kot tudi njihovim družinam. S samim ugotavljanjem in ocenjevanjem kakovosti življenja lahko bolje razumemo vpliv poškodb na posameznika in njegovo življenje. Poškodbe najrazličnejših stopenj lahko namreč zelo posežejo v človekovo kognitivno, telesno, čustveno-vedenjsko in socialno področje življenja, posledice pa ne vplivajo le na poškodovanega, temveč tudi na člane njegove družine in druge bližnje osebe. Namen raziskave je ugotoviti katera so tista splošna in specifična področja, ki po pridobljeni možganski poškodbi vplivajo na kakovost posameznikovega življenja ter na podlagi rezultatov oceniti potrebe oseb s pridobljeno možgansko poškodbo v rehabilitacijskih programih. S proučevanjem smo želeli ugotoviti katera področja kakovosti življenja poškodba možganov zaznamuje najbolj. Osredotočeni smo bili tudi na oceno sorodnika, za katerega nas je zanimalo, če funkcioniranje poškodovanega sorodnika doživlja podobno kot poškodovanec sam, ter v kolikšni meri je poškodba zaznamovala in spremenila tudi njegovo življenje. Za ocenjevanje kakovosti življenja smo uporabili vprašalnik Quality of Life After Brain Injury avtorice von Steinbuechel in njenih sodelavcev. Ocenili smo naslednja področja: mišljenje, čustva, dojemanje sebe, neodvisnost, funkcioniranje v vsakdanjem življenju, družbene vloge, razpoloženje, telesne omejitve in splošno počutje. Kot dodaten test smo uporabili še vprašalnik European Brain Injury Questionnaire avtorja Teasdale in njegovih sodelavcev, s katerim smo dobili podatke kako pogosto se v vsakodnevnem življenju poškodovanci soočajo s težavami na sledečih področjih: somatske motnje, kognicija, motivacija, impulzivnost, depresija, izoliranost, fizično počutje, komunikacija, splošno počutje. Poleg ocene pogostosti pojavljanja težav smo ugotavljali povezanost posameznih področij težav in povezanost področij kakovosti življenja z različnimi dejavniki. Slednji so bili spol, starost, izobrazba in pretečen čas od poškodbe. V raziskavo smo vključili 40 udeležencev, od tega 20 oseb s pridobljeno možgansko poškodbo in 20 njihovih sorodnikov (po en sorodnik vsake osebe s pridobljeno možgansko poškodbo). V skupini oseb s pridobljeno možgansko poškodbo je bilo 75 % moških in 25 % žensk s skupno povprečno starostjo M = 42,70. V raziskavi smo opravili analizo pogostosti pojavljanja različnih področij težav po možganski poškodbi ter za analizo uporabili tako odgovore oseb s pridobljeno možgansko poškodbo kot tudi odgovore njihovih sorodnikov. Za osebe s pridobljeno možgansko poškodbo smo opravili analizo splošne subjektivne ocene stanja ter subjektivnega doživljanja lastnega funkcioniranja in zadovoljstva na različnih področjih kakovosti življenja. Rezultati raziskave so pokazali, da se pri skupini oseb s pridobljeno možgansko poškodbo najpogosteje pojavljajo težave na področju kognicije, komunikacije in izoliranosti, najredkeje pa posamezniki težave zaznavajo na področju motivacije in depresije. Primerjava odgovorov obeh skupin je pokazala, da sorodniki v večini primerov za poškodovanca pogosteje opažajo več težav na različnih področjih, kot jih poškodovanci opažajo sami zase, razlike pa so minimalne in niso statistično pomembne. Prav tako sorodniki zase v splošnem menijo, da jih je poškodba zaznamovala nekoliko bolj, kot to mislijo osebe s poškodbo. Kljub temu pa vsi udeleženci v povprečju menijo, da je poškodba sorodnikom vsaj malo spremenila življenje, da se sorodniki zaradi poškodbe soočajo z različnimi težavami in da se je malo spremenilo tudi njihovo razpoloženje. Pri primerjanju ugotovljene povprečne kakovosti življenja glede na spol so rezultati pokazali, da je kakovost življenja moških v povprečju malenkost višja od kakovosti življenja žensk. Slednje imajo visoko kakovost življenja na vseh področjih, razen na področju fizičnih težav (M = 39,00), kjer je kakovost življenja nizka, ter na področju kognicije (M = 56,43), kjer je kakovost življenja povprečna. Glede na splošno počutje so moški v povprečju bolj zadovoljni od žensk (Mm = 66,11; Mž = 62,50), splošna kakovost življenja obeh spolov pa je visoka. Pri primerjanju ugotovljene povprečne kakovosti življenja glede na starost so rezultati pokazali, da najvišjo kakovost življenja v povprečju na vseh področjih dosega srednja starostna skupina (40 - 49 let), najnižjo kakovost življenja pa mlajša starostna skupina (do 39 let). Kljub razlikam med posameznimi starostnimi skupinami udeležencev pa ugotavljamo, da so razlike v kakovosti življenja glede na starost med skupinami minimalne in niso statistično pomembne. Pri primerjanju ugotovljene povprečne kakovosti življenja glede na stopnjo izobrazbe smo ugotovili, da osebe z dokončano srednješolsko in visokošolsko izobrazbo v povprečju na večini področij dosegajo višjo kakovost življenja od oseb z nedokončano osnovnošolsko izobrazbo, dokončano osnovnošolsko izobrazbo in dokončanim skrajšanim programom srednješolske izobrazbe. Glede na splošno počutje so udeleženci z višjo izobrazbo v povprečju bolj zadovoljni od udeležencev z nižjo izobrazbo (Mv = 66,11; Mn = 62,50), kakovost življenja obeh skupin pa je kljub temu v povprečju visoka. Na nobenem izmed področij rezultati niso pokazali statistično pomembnih razlik. Pri primerjanju kakovosti življenja glede na število pretečenih let od poškodbe smo ugotovili, da na večini izmed področij višjo kakovost življenja dosegajo osebe, pri katerih je od poškodbe minilo do 10 let, osebe pri katerih je od poškodbe preteklo več kot 10 let, pa nižjo. Statistično pomembne razlike v kakovosti življenja obeh skupin se pojavljajo na področju čustev (p = 0,01) in fizičnih težav (p = 0,02), kjer se za osebe, pri katerih je minilo več kot 10 let od poškodbe, kaže nižja kakovost življenja v primerjavi z drugo skupino oseb.

Keywords

osebe s pridobljeno možgansko poškodbo;kakovost življenja;možgani;rehabilitacija;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization: UL PEF - Faculty of Education
Publisher: [M. Balanč]
UDC: 616.8(043.2)
COBISS: 11656009 Link will open in a new window
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Downloads: 97
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Determining the quality of life in persons with acquired brain injury
Secondary abstract: Identifying and assessing the quality of life of persons with acquired brain injury is an important element of rehabilitation, and enables assistance and support to both the injured and their families. By identifying and assessing quality of life, we can better understand the impact of injuries on the individual and his/her life. Different levels of injuries can severely affect cognitive, physical, emotional-behavioral and social life not only of a injured person but also of members of his family and other persons close to him/her. The purpose of the study is to determine which are general and specific areas of the acquired brain injury that affect the quality of one's life, and based on the results to assess the needs of persons with acquired brain injury in their rehabilitation programs. The study was to determine which quality of life is most affected by brain injury. Our focus was also an assessment of the relative, by which we wanted to find out if the functioning of a family member is experienced similarly as to injured himself, and to what extent the damage marked and changed family member’s life. To assess the quality of life we used a questionnaire Quality of Life After Brain Injury by Von Steinbuechel, the author, and her colleagues. We assessed the following areas: thinking abilities, emotions, self perceptions, independence, functioning in daily life, social relationships, mood, physical limitations and general well-being. As a further test, we used a questionnaire European Brain Injury Questionnaire, author Teasdale and his colleagues, with which we got the information on how often in everyday life the injured faces problems in various fields: somatic disorders, cognition, motivation, impulsivity, depression, isolation, physical condition, communication, general well-being. In addition to assessing the frequency of problems, we determined the correlation between individual areas of difficulties and connections of quality of life with a variety of factors. The latter were gender, age, education, and elapsed time of the injury. The study included 40 participants, including 20 people with acquired brain injury and 20 of their relatives (one relative of each person with acquired brain injury). In the group of persons with acquired brain injury was 75 % of men and 25 % of women with average age of the total M = 42,70. In this study we analyzed the frequency of problems in different areas after the brain injury, and in the analysis we used answers of persons with acquired brain injury as well as answers of their relatives. For persons with acquired brain injury, we conducted an analysis of the overall subjective assessment of the situation and the subjective experience of its own functioning and satisfaction in various areas of quality of life. The results showed that in the group of persons with acquired brain injury most commonly occurring problems are in the areas of cognition, communication and isolation, the least densely individuals perceived problems in the field of motivation and depression. Comparing the responses of the two groups showed that relatives in most cases frequently observed more problems in different areas, as observed by the injured themselves, the differences are minimal and not statistically significant. Also, relatives themselves generally consider that the injury has had bigger affect on them than persons with the injury believe. However, on average all participants find that the injury has at least slightly changed life of relatives, that they are facing different problems and that their mood has changed a little, too. In comparing the observed average quality of life in regard to gender, the results showed that the quality of life of men, on average, is slightly higher than the quality of life of women. The latter have a high quality of life in all areas except in the area of physical problems (M = 39,00), wherein their quality of life is low, and in the area of cognition (M = 56,43), wherein the quality of their life is average. Considering the general condition, men are more satisfied than women (Mm = 66,11; Mw = 62,50), but for both sexes general quality of life is high. In comparing the average quality of life in regard to age, the results showed that the highest quality of life in all areas is in a middle age group (40 - 49 years), while the lowest quality of life is observed in the youngest age group (up to 39 years). Despite the differences between the age groups of participants we observed that the differences in the quality of life in terms of age groups are minimal and not statistically significant. In comparing the observed average quality of life per level of education, we found that people with secondary and high education achieve a higher quality of life in most areas compared to persons with incomplete or complete primary education, or short secondary education. When observing the general well-being, participants with higher education are on average more satisfied than participants with lower education (Mh = 66,11; Ml = 62,50), however, on average the quality of life of both groups is high. The results did not show statistically significant differences in any of the areas. When comparing the quality of life in relation to the number of elapsed years from injury, we have found that people with up to 10 years of injury reach a higher quality of life in most areas than people with over 10 years from injury. Statistically significant differences in the quality of life of both groups are occurring in the area of emotions (p = 0,01) and physical problems (p = 0,02), where the persons with over 10 years from injury indicate a lower quality of life in comparison with the other group.
Secondary keywords: brain injury;rehabilitation;možganska poškodba;rehabilitacija;
File type: application/pdf
Type (COBISS): Master's thesis/paper
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Pedagoška fak., Oddelek za specialno in rehabilitacijsko pedagogiko, posebne razvojne in učne težave
Pages: VIII, 65 str., [14] str. pril.
ID: 10850363