Upadanje števila zapornikov v Združenih državah Amerike

diplomsko delo visokošolskega študijskega programa Varnost in policijsko delo

Petra Mosetti (Author), Aleš Završnik (Mentor)

Abstract

Združene države Amerike predstavljajo pomembno velesilo na različnih področjih. V zadnjem obdobju pa postaja vse bolj relevanten problem množičnega zapiranja, ki zadeva tisoče ljudi in uvršča ZDA, skupaj z Rusko federacijo in Kitajsko, med države z največjim številom zapornikov. Eskalacija zaporniške populacije se je začela v sedemdesetih letih prejšnjega stoletja s poostritvijo politik in zakonodaje na področju kazenskega pravosodja. Kazenske politike so postale strožje, posledično pa se je povečalo število inkriminacij, ki so posredno zadevale manjšine; poostrile so se zaporne kazni, povečala so se sredstva organov pregona in razširile policijske operacije. Zapori so se začeli polniti, kar je povzročilo prenatrpanost zavodov in ustvarilo neprimerne življenjske razmere v njih. Kasneje, leta 2008, pa je začelo število zapornikov tako v zveznih kot državnih zavodih upadati. Razlogov za tovrsten pojav je sicer več, med najpomembnejše pa prištevamo spremembe v politiki kaznovanja in posredovanje raznih funkcionarjev, npr. bivšega ameriškega predsednika B. Obame, ki je z uvedbo reform in ustanavljanjem organizacij za pomoč zapornikom bistveno vplival na število zapornikov. Pri tem je treba omeniti tudi visoke stroške preživljanja prestopnikov in vzdrževanja zaporov. Nove politike se osredotočajo na same zapornike z uvajanjem alternativnih oblik kaznovanja, kot so na primer programi zdravljenja odvisnosti, elektronsko nadzorovanje in disciplinski centri. V prvem delu diplomske naloge predstavljam politični sistem ZDA s poudarkom na sodni praksi in zaporniškem sistemu, opredeljujem glavne pojme, povezane z zveznimi in državnimi zapori, ter predstavljam razlike med posameznimi ustanovami.

Keywords

zapori;zaporniki;Združene države Amerike;ZDA;diplomske naloge;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2017
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UM FVV - Faculty of Criminal Justice
Publisher:	[P. Mosetti]
UDC:	343.8(73)(043.2)
COBISS:	3417578
Views:	830
Downloads:	90
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	The fall of prison population in the United States
Secondary abstract:	In the past few decades the United States of America has become known for its large prison population. The era of mass incarceration began in the early Seventies with the changes to the political and penitentiary systems which put thousands of Americans behind bars. This increased incarceration rate was the result of a more intense sentencing practice, which led to a larger number of police operations and consequently more arrests. This hugely expanded prison population led to prison overcrowding together with a deterioration of living and working conditions of both inmates and staff. Please note that the U.S.A. holds a greater number of prisoners than any other nation, followed by China and Russian Federation. In the 2008 the rate of prisoners, in both federal and state facilities, began to fall. There are different reasons for this occurrence, but it was largely due to changes to criminal justice policy and the intervention of some leading figures, such as the ex-president B. Obama, who implemented a number of new reforms and formed organizations which continue to have an enormous impact on prison population reduction. It is also important to mention the financial benefits of reducing prison population through the development of alternative sanctions such are substance abuse treatments, the reintegration of prisoners back into society, electronic monitoring and the establishment of ‘boot camps’. A number of important facts regarding the political system of the United States, with emphasis placed on the judicial and penitentiary systems, prisons and the demographic characteristics of prisoners in both state and federal facilities, are also highlighted in the opening section of the thesis.
Secondary keywords:	prison;prisoners;mass incarceration;drop in prison population;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za varnostne vede
Pages:	V, 36 str.
ID:	10863871