Prehranska obravnava dializnih pacientov

(magistrsko delo)

Špela Potočnik (Author), Cirila Hlastan-Ribič (Mentor), Mateja Lorber (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Uvod: Prehrana igra pomembno vlogo pri končni ledvični odpovedi, saj ledvice ne opravljajo svoje funkcije. Hemodializa opravi nalogo ledvic, vendar morajo pacienti vseeno paziti, kaj zaužijejo, ko niso na hemodializi. Raziskovalna metodologija: Teoretični del je temeljil na deskriptivni metodi dela s pregledom in analizo domače in tuje literature. Raziskava pa je temeljila na kvantitativni metodologiji raziskovanja v Univerzitetnem kliničnem centru Ljubljana v Centru za akutno in komplicirano dializo. Podatke smo pridobili z anketnim vprašalnikom, ki smo jih razdelili med 50 pacientov s končno ledvično odpovedjo, ki se zdravijo s hemodializo. Podatke smo obdelali v programih Odprta platforma za klinično prehrano, Microsoft Office Excel 2016 in IBM Statistics 22 ter jih primerjali s Priporočili za prehransko obravnavo pacientov v bolnišnicah in starostnikov v domovih za starejše občane, katerih avtor je Ministrstvo za zdravje Republike Slovenije. Rezultati: Rezultati so pokazali, da večina pacientov, kar 62 %, ne zadosti dnevnim energijskim potrebam telesa. Dnevno 64 % anketiranih pacientov zaužije premalo beljakovin in s tem tvegajo nastanek energijsko-beljakovinske podhranjenosti. Tretjina vprašanih dnevno zaužije preveliko natrija, prav tako tretjina anketiranih pacientov čez dan zaužije preveliko tekočin. Rezultati raziskave so pokazali tudi, da ne obstajajo statistično pomembne razlike v dnevnem vnosu elektrolitov, kot so kalij (p = 0,169), natrij (p = 0,169) in fosfor (p = 0,673), glede na stopnjo izobrazbe in v dnevnem vnosu tekočine glede na starost (p = 0,670). Sklep: Ugotovili smo, da prehrana predstavlja pomemben del zdravljenja končne ledvične odpovedi. Pacienti bi morali imeli na voljo različne delavnice na temo zdrave prehrane dializnih pacientov, kjer bi spoznavali primerna oziroma neprimerna živila in kako pripravljati obroke hrane. Obravnava pacientov mora biti individualna in prehrana prilagojena pacientovim potrebam, željam in socialno-ekonomskemu statusu.

Keywords

končna ledvična odpoved;hemodializa;prehrana;omejitve;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2017
Typology:	2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:	UM FZV - Faculty of Health Sciences
Publisher:	[Š. Potočnik]
UDC:	613.2:616.61
COBISS:	2377380
Views:	1831
Downloads:	276
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Nutrition treatment of dialysis patients
Secondary abstract:	Introduction: Diet plays an important role in ultimate renal failure, since the kidneys do not perform their function. Haemodialysis performs the task of the kidneys, but patients should nevertheless care about what they ingest at a time when they are not on haemodialysis. Research Methodology: The theoretical part was based on a descriptive method of work with a review and analysis of domestic and foreign literature. The research was based on a quantitative research methodology at the University Clinical Center Ljubljana at the Center for Acute and Complicated Dialysis. The data was obtained with a questionnaire, which was distributed among 50 patients with final renal failure who are treated with haemodialysis. Data were processed in the Open Clinical Nutrition Platform, Microsoft Office Excel 2016 and IBM Statistics 22, and were compared with recommendations for nutrition treatment of patients in hospitals and elderly people in homes for elderly people, authored by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Slovenia. Results: The results showed that most patients, as much as 62%, do not meet the daily energy needs of their body. 64% of patients surveyed daily take too little protein and thus risk developing energy - protein malnutrition. One-third of respondents consumed too much sodium per day, and a third of the patients surveyed consumed too much fluids during the day. The results of the study also showed that there are no statistically significant differences in the daily intake of electrolytes such as potassium (0.169), sodium (p = 0.169) and phosphorus (p = 0.673) with respect to the level of education and daily intake of liquid by age (p = 0.670). Conclusion: We have found that diet represents an important part of treatment for ultimate renal failure. It would be important for patients to have various workshops on the healthy diet of dialysis patients where patients would recognize foods that are appropriate or inappropriate and how to prepare meals of food. Treatment of patients must be individual and nutrition adjusted to the patient's needs, desires and socioeconomic status.
Secondary keywords:	ultimate renal failure;haemodialysis;diet;restrictions;Kidney failure;Dialysis;Nutrition therapy;Ledvica, odpoved;Dializa;Prehranska terapija;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS):	Master's thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za zdravstvene vede
Pages:	IX, 54 f., 11 f. pril.
ID:	10866354