Attila Szolnoki (Author), Matjaž Perc (Author)

Abstract

Economic experiments have shown that punishment can increase public goods game contributions over time. However, the effectiveness of punishment is challenged by second-order free-riding and antisocial punishment. The latter implies that noncooperators punish cooperators, while the former implies unwillingness to shoulder the cost of punishment. Here, we extend the theory of cooperation in the spatial public goods game by considering four competing strategies, which are traditional cooperators and defectors, as well as cooperators who punish defectors and defectors who punish cooperators. We show that if the synergistic effects are high enough to sustain cooperation based on network reciprocity alone, antisocial punishment does not deter public cooperation. Conversely, if synergistic effects are low and punishment is actively needed to sustain cooperation, antisocial punishment does is viable, but only if the cost-to-fine ratio is low. If the costs are relatively high, cooperation again dominates as a result of spatial pattern formation. Counterintuitively, defectors who do not punish cooperators, and are thus effectively second-order free-riding on antisocial punishment, form an active layer around punishing cooperators, which protects them against defectors that punish cooperators. A stable three-strategy phase that is sustained by the spontaneous emergence of cyclic dominance is also possible via the same route. The microscopic mechanism behind the reported evolutionary outcomes can be explained by the comparison of invasion rates that determine the stability of subsystem solutions. Our results reveal an unlikely evolutionary escape from adverse effects of antisocial punishment, and they provide a rationale for why second-order free-riding is not always an impediment to the evolutionary stability of punishment.

Keywords

kompleksni sistemi;interdisciplinarna fizika;kaznovanje;sodelovanje;ne zaključna dela;complex systems;interdisciplinary physics;punishment;cooperation;

Data

Language: English
Year of publishing:
Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
Organization: UM FNM - Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics
UDC: 53
COBISS: 23441160 Link will open in a new window
ISSN: 2160-3308
Views: 967
Downloads: 418
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Other data

Secondary language: Slovenian
Secondary keywords: Kaznovanje;Javne dobrine;
URN: URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS): Article
Pages: str. 041027-1-041027-11
Volume: ǂVol. ǂ7
Issue: ǂiss. ǂ4
Chronology: 2017
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevX.7.041027
ID: 10878372