Prikriti preiskovalni ukrepi in pravica do zasebnosti

diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študijskega programa Varstvoslovje

Lara Klemenc (Author), Miha Šepec (Mentor)

Abstract

Pri preiskovanju kaznivih dejanj se preiskovalci soočajo z izzivi kako pridobiti pomembne dokaze. V nekaterih primerih jih ne morejo dobiti pri normalni preiskavi, bodisi, ker so jih osumljenci zabrisali, ali pa niso bili zadostni za obsodbo. V teh primerih se lahko uvedejo prikriti preiskovalni ukrepi, s katerimi policija tajno preiskuje osumljenca, mu sledi, ga slika ali snema, lahko pa celo pripravi navidezni odkup neke snovi. S temi dokazi lahko podprejo že zbrane in tako pripomorejo k aretaciji osumljenca, ki brez teh ukrepov, ne bi bil nikoli pravnomočno obsojen. Za uvedbo take preiskave pa morajo biti izpolnjeni določeni pogoji. Preiskovalni organi morajo vnaprej predložiti že zbrane dokaze in podati dotične razloge, zakaj utemeljeno sumijo, da je osumljenec storil kaznivo dejanje, ali pa ga pripravlja. To pa se jim dovoli z odredbo za izključno ta primer in izključno za določeno časovno obdobje, ki pa se lahko ob utemeljitvi podaljša. Ob uvedbi tajnih ukrepov pa preiskovalci močno posegajo v posameznikovo pravico do zasebnosti, ki jo ščitita Evropska konvencija o človekovih pravicah in Ustava Republike Slovenije. Ta pravna akta nas varujeta tako pred državno oblastjo, kot tudi pred drugimi osebami, ki bi morebiti posegali v naš osebni prostor. Delu te pravice pa smo se pripravljeni odpovedati v zameno za našo osebno varnost, tako, da opravičimo državnim oblastem vmešavanje v to pravico, vendar le, če s tem ščitijo temeljne pravice drugih ljudi. V kolikor je poseg v našo zasebnost s strani državnih organov protipraven, se lahko obrnemo na varuha človekovih pravic, kasneje pa na Evropsko sodišče za človekove pravice, kjer bodo presodili, če je bil poseg v našo zasebnost v skladu z zakonom. Ob uvedbi preiskave pa mora biti presojena tudi sorazmernost poseganja v našo zasebnost, tako, da za večji poseg preiskovalci potrebujejo močnejše dokaze, kot pa za manjši poseg v zasebnosti posameznika.

Keywords

kazniva dejanja;preiskovanje;prikriti preiskovalni ukrepi;predkazenski postopki;pravica do zasebnosti;diplomske naloge;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2017
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UM FVV - Faculty of Criminal Justice
Publisher:	[L. Klemenc]
UDC:	343.1(043.2)
COBISS:	3469034
Views:	2299
Downloads:	529
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Undercover investigative measures and right to privacy
Secondary abstract:	When investigating criminal offenses, investigators face challenges in obtaining important evidence. In some cases, they cannot be obtained under normal investigation, either because the suspect hid them or were not sufficient to condemn them. In these cases, undercover investigative measures can be introduced, and police can secretly investigate the suspect, follow him, record him, take pictures of him or even prepare a virtual purchase of a substance. Without the evidence gathered by secret measures, suspect would never be convicted. However, certain conditions must be met to initiate such an investigation. Authorities must pre-submit the evidence, which has already been collected and give the right standard of proof, which is in this case probable cause why they reasonably suspect that the suspect has committed a criminal offense or is preparing it. This is permitted by a court order, for the sole purpose of this case and exclusively for a certain period of time, which may be extended. When introducing secret measures, investigators strongly interfere with the individual's right to privacy, which is in Slovenia protected with Constitution of Republic Slovenia and European Convention on Human Rights. These legal acts protect us from both, the state authorities and from other persons who might interfere our personal space. However, we are willing to give up a piece of this right in return for our personal security, but only if it is for protecting other people's rights. If there is unlawful privacy interference, we can contact Ombudsman and later European Court of Human Rights, where the decision is made if their interference was in accordance with the law. When the investigation starts, the proportionality of interfering with our privacy must also be assessed. For greater interference with the privacy of individual the investigators need stronger evidence than for a minor interference.
Secondary keywords:	undercover investigative measures;privacy;undercover agents;the right to privacy;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za varnostne vede
Pages:	VI, 48 str.
ID:	10878818