Onesnaževanje zraka v Sloveniji

diplomsko delo visokošolskega študijskega programa Varnost in policijsko delo

Aleš Peterkovič (Author), Katja Eman (Mentor)

Abstract

Okolje je že od začetka človeštva podlaga za obstanek človeka, saj je sestavljeno iz ključnih elementov, ki omogočajo človekovo preživetje. Vendar pa je v zadnjem obdobju okolje postalo žrtev človekovega izkoriščanja, onesnaževanja in uničevanja. O onesnaženem zraku govorimo, kadar so v njem prisotne škodljive, nenaravne in neobičajne snovi, imenovane polutanti oziroma onesnaževala zraka. V zrak je spuščenih veliko emisij, ki so naravnega izvora, in emisij, ki so posledica človekovih dejavnosti. Slovenija zaradi večje onesnaženosti z delci PM₁₀ sodi med bolj onesnažene države v Evropi. Delci PM so tekoči in trdni delci v plinu. Industrija za evropsko gospodarstvo predstavlja ključni element, vendar pa predstavlja tudi vir onesnaževanja okolja. V EU in tudi v Sloveniji industrija proizvede veliko izpustov toplogrednih plinov. Kot primer navedimo proizvodnjo električne energije, ki proizvede več kot 60 odstotkov toplogrednih plinov. Drugi najbolj pogost način onesnaževanja zraka je promet, ki predstavlja več kot petino emisij toplogrednih plinov in je odgovoren za približno tretjino celotne porabe energije. V kmetijstvu se je izkazalo, da sta največji problem onesnaževanja monokultura, ki med drugim uporablja ogromno količino strupov, in živinoreja. Ugotovili smo, da največjo težavo predstavlja onesnaženost s trdnimi delci PM₁₀, kjer je Slovenija kar na tretjem mestu med državami članicami EU v količini delcev v ozračju. Predstavljajo nevarnost tako za ozračje kakor tudi za zdravje ljudi. Največji izvor trdnih delcev so industrija, promet in kurilne naprave, ki jih uporabljajo predvsem prebivalci v mestih. Količino trdnih delcev v ozračju lahko zmanjšamo z uporabo novejših tehnologij v industriji, ki bodo pripomogle k nižji vrednosti izpustov. V prometu pa lahko k zmanjšanju delcev največ prispevajo ljudje sami – tako da uporabljajo javni prevoz. Proizvajalci avtomobilov vsako leto nameščajo v avtomobile nove naprave in tehnologije, ki znižujejo emisije avtomobilov. Mestne občine bi lahko prispevale k nižanju vrednosti delcev, tako da bi prebivalcem omogočile brezplačno ali cenejšo menjavo kurilnih naprav ali pa vsaj menjavo vrste goriv, ki se trenutno uporabljajo z gorivi, ki imajo manjše izpuste trdnih delcev pri zgorevanju.

Keywords

zrak;onesnaževanje zraka;onesnaženost zraka;promet;industrija;diplomske naloge;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2017
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UM FVV - Faculty of Criminal Justice
Publisher:	[A. Peterkovič]
UDC:	504.5:502.3(043.2)
COBISS:	3475178
Views:	3108
Downloads:	520
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Air pollution in Slovenia
Secondary abstract:	Environment is base for the survival of a person already since the beginning of humankind, as it consists of key elements, that are allowing the human survival. However environment became the victim of human exploitation, pollution and destroying in last years. We speak about polluted air, when present harmful, unnatural and unusual substances, appointed pollutants and pollutants of air are in it. Many emissions are dropped in air, that are of natural origin and emissions, that are consequence of human activities. Slovenia is because of larger pollution with particles PM₁₀ one of the most polluted state in Europe. Particles of PM are liquid and solid particles in gas. Industry is key elemnt for the European economy, however it is one of the sources of pollution of environment. Industry produces many emisions of greenhouse gases in the EU and also in Slovenia. As an example production of electrical energy, produces more than 60 percent of greenhouse gases. The second most frequent manner of air pollution is traffic, that is presenting more than fifth of greenhouse gas emissions and is responsible for approximate third of entire energy consumption. It turned out, that in farming, the largest problem of pullution presents monoculture and stockbreeding, whre is used enormous amount of poisons. The biggest problem in Slovenia is pollution with particles PM₁₀. Slovenia is in high third place In amount of particles PM₁₀ among the countires of EU. Particles presents danger for air and health of people. Industry, traffic and heating devices, that are used in towns, are largest origin of solid particles. We can reduce amount of solid particles in an atmosphere with use of newer technologies in industry, which will contribute to lower value of omissions. In traffic, at most people can contribute to the reduction of particles, with using public trasport. Carmakers install new devices and tehnologies every year, to help lowering emissions of cars. Municipalities can contribute to the problem of amount of particles with helping inhabitants to change heating deavices with new heating deavices. Or at least help them to change the kind of fuel which is used now, with fuel with lower amount of particles at combustion.
Secondary keywords:	Air pollution;Slovenia;health;industry;traffic;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za varnostne vede
Pages:	VII, 60 str.
ID:	10879756