diplomsko delo
Katja Ozmec (Author), Alja Tanšek (Author), Ana Dvorjak (Author), Nejc Mekiš (Reviewer), Mojca Medič (Mentor)

Abstract

Uvod: Diagnostična radiologija je del radiologije, ki omogoča diagnozo bolezenskih procesov z uporabo radioloških metod. Danes je najpogosteje rezultat preiskave morfološki slikovni prikaz. Ker je najbolj poznano pridobivanje podatkov s pomočjo rentgenskega aparata, je v tej nalogi opisano pod kakšnimi pogoji nastanejo rentgenogrami pri osnovnih slikanjih, ter kakšna doza jih po navadi spremlja.. Namen: Namen naloge je predstaviti razlike med doznimi obremenitvami in parametri slikanja pri vseh osnovnih projekcijah v treh splošnih bolnišnicah v Sloveniji. Ugotoviti želimo ali v bolnišnicah nastanejo diagnostično uporabni radiogrami pod skoraj enakimi pogoji. Metode dela: Pri izdelavi diplomske naloge bomo uporabile opisno oz. deskriptivno metodo, s podrobnim preučevanjem domače in tuje literature, že napisane na tem področju. Za zbiranje podatkov bomo uporabile tudi anketo z vprašalnikom, ki jih bodo izpolnili zaposleni radiološki inženirji, v naših treh izbranih bolnišnicah, na različnih lokacijah po Sloveniji. Rezultati: Primerjava rezultatov kaže, da se pri ekspozicijskih pogojih v bolnišnicah večje razlike med nekaterimi projekcijami in spoloma. Pri primerjavi velikosti slikovnih polj razberemo, da uporablja pri skoraj vseh projekcijah manjše velikosti slikovnih polj bolnišnica B, medtem, ko bolnišnica A uporablja pri večini projekcij večje velikosti. Pri uporabi rešetke bolnišnica B in C uporabljata rešetko pri enakih projekcijah, v bolnišnici A pa rešetko uporabljajo pri enakih projekcijah, kot tudi v bolnišnici B in C. Pri uporabi filtracije ugotovimo, da bolnišnice v večini primerov uporabljajo priporočeno filtracijo. Pri uporabi ionizacijske celice, se večinoma držijo priporočil. Razprava in sklep: Zmanjšanje doznega odmerka pri pacientu je povezano z izbiro primernih tehničnih slikovnih parametrov – kV, mAs, filtrov, rešetke, gorišča in velikosti polja. Dozna obremenitev mora biti čim manjša, rezultat pa optimalen. Dozna obremenitev je tudi večja pri večji debelini objekta in s tem povečanjem mAs, kar utemeljuje, da je DAP pri stranskih projekcijah večji kot pri PA oz. AP. Razlike v dozi med spoloma se pojavljajo zaradi različne velikosti polja in/ali izbire mAs. Večja slikovna polja pa uporablja bolnišnica A in povzroča posledično tudi večjo dozo na pacienta pri nekaterih projekcijah. Iz rezultatov smo razbrale, da bolnišnice uporabljajo rešetko pri približno polovici projekcij, pri drugi polovici projekcij pa rešetke ne uporabljajo. Bolnišnice A, B in C uporabljajo osnovno filtracijo pri vseh projekcijah.

Keywords

diplomska dela;radiološka tehnologija;dozna obremenitev;doza na površino;slikovno polje;ekspozicijski pogoji;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UL ZF - University College of Health Studies
Publisher: [K. Ozmec
UDC: 616-07
COBISS: 5354347 Link will open in a new window
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Comparison of radiation dose between hospitals in standard projections
Secondary abstract: Introduction: Diagnostic radiology is a part of the radiology, which allows for diagnose of the disease processes with the use of radiological methods. Today is the most common result of the examination morphological image display. In the assignment is described under what conditions are made x-ray pictures in standard projections, and what dose are typically accompanied by. Purpose: The purpose of the assignment is to present the differences between the dose and radiographic physic in all of the standard projections between the three general hospitals – hospital A, B and C. With our assignment we will try to find out if in most hospitals in Slovenia are made similar useful x-ray pictures under the similar conditions. Methods: At the production of the assignment we used the descriptive method, with a detailed study of domestic and foreign literature already written in this field. For data collection we used a survey with a questions, which will be filled by the radiologic technologists in our three selected hospitals at different locations in Slovenia. Results: Comparison of results shows that at the radiographic physic in the hospitals appear the greater difference between the projections and genders The comparison of the size of the image fields shows that the hospital B uses in nearly all the projections smaller size of the image field while hospital A uses in most projections a larger size.. When using the anti-scatter grid, hospital B and C use anti-scatter grid the same, in the hospital A is the anti-scatter grid used in the same projections as in the hospital B and CWhen using filtration, we can see that hospitals in most cases, use the recommended filtration. In the use of ionization chambers, they mostly follow the rules. Discussion and conclusion: Reduce of dose in a patient is associated with the selection of appropriate imaging technical parameters – kV, mAs, filters, anti-scater grids, nominal focal spot values and the size of the field. Dose rate must be as small as possible, and the result optimal. Dose is also greater with greater thickness of the object and thus increasing the mAs, which is the case, that the dose with the side projections is greater than in PA or AP. The differences in dose between the sexes appear because of the different size of the image fields and/or selection of mAs. The bigger fields uses hospital A and causing also greater dose to the patient, but not in all projections. Hospitals use anti-scatter grid in about half of the projections, and in the other half of the projections the anti-scatter grid is not used. Hospitals A, B and C use the standard filtration.
Secondary keywords: diploma theses;radiologic technology;radiation dose;dose area product;image field;aspect conditions;
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme: 0
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Zdravstvena fak., Oddelek za radiološko tehnologijo
Pages: 27 str., [10] str. pril.
ID: 10909970