diplomsko delo
Zala Brajnik (Author), Tatjana Pirman (Reviewer), Simona Sušnik Bajec (Mentor)

Abstract

Pri govedu je bilo do danes opisanih najmanj 39 variant štirih kazeinskih genov (αS1 , αS2-, β- in κ-kazein), med katerimi jih je nekaj pasemsko specifičnih. Znano je, da veliko število teh variant pomembno vpliva na lastnosti mleka, na lastnosti, ki so pomembne za predelavo mleka, in tudi na hranilno vrednost mleka. Zagotavljajo tudi dragocene informacije za filogenetske raziskave in karakterizacijo pasem, poleg tega pa so vključene tudi v številne vidike prehranjevanja ljudi. V svoji diplomski nalogi sem zbrala informacije o različnih možnostih genotipizacije pomembnejših variant kazeinskih genov, ki najbolj vplivajo na lastnosti prireje in predelave mleka. Prvi je pojav alelov, povezanih z zmanjšano vsebnostjo različnih kazeinov, ki se lahko izkorišča za prirejo mleka s posebnimi prehranskimi lastnostmi, npr. hipoalergenega mleka. Nasprotno lahko pogostost teh alelov zmanjšamo in povečamo vsebnost kazeinov v mleku, kar je še posebej pomembno pri lastnostih sirjenja mleka v sirarstvu. Genske mutacije, povezane z aminokislinskimi zamenjavami oz. delecijami, lahko vplivajo tudi na biološko aktivnost peptidov, sproščenih po prebavi mlečnih beljakovin. Opažanja, da so nekatere alelne variante mlečnih beljakovin povezane z boljšimi proizvodnimi lastnostmi mleka, še posebej pri proizvodnji sira, so spodbudila raziskovanje polimorfizma mlečnih beljakovin pri govedu.

Keywords

govedo;molekularna genetika;kazein;kazeinski geni;genotipizacija;diplomske naloge;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UL BF - Biotechnical Faculty
Publisher: [Z. Brajnik]
UDC: 636.2:575(043.2)
COBISS: 3960200 Link will open in a new window
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Downloads: 276
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Allelic variations of bovine casein genes and their DNA-based identification
Secondary abstract: In cattle, at least 39 variants of four casein proteins (αS1-, β-, αS2- and κ-casein) have been described to date, some of which are breed specific. It is known that a large number of these variants have an influence on milk-production traits and cheese making properties. In addition, milk protein variants are used for breed characterization and biodiversity investigations. Furthermore, they are involved in various aspects of human nutrition. First is the occurrence of alleles associated with a reduced content of different caseins which might be exploited for the production of milk with particular nutritional qualities; that is, hypoallergenic milk. On the other hand, the frequency of these alleles can be decreased by selection using simple DNA tests, thereby increasing the casein content in milk used for cheese making. Last but not least, the biological activity of peptides released from milk protein digestion can be affected by amino acid exchanges or deletions resulting from gene mutations. In my B. Sc. Thesis, I concentrated on the bovine milk proteins, aiming both to emphasize the pioneer work and exhaustive reviews that have already been carried out on the subject and to elucidate some of the main aspects affecting animal breeding and human nutrition.
Secondary keywords: cattle;molecular genetics;casein;bovine milk proteins;genotyping;
Type (COBISS): Diploma project paper
Study programme: 0
Embargo end date (OpenAIRE): 1970-01-01
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fak., Oddelek za zootehniko
Pages: VII, 14 str.
ID: 10910328