Odnos do smrti v misli Sartra, Marcela in Levinasa

magistrsko delo

Urška Flisar (Author), Branko Klun (Mentor)

Abstract

V pričujočem magistrskem delu avtorica obravnava tri eksistencialne mislece in njihov pogled na smrt. Pri tem ugotavlja, kako je pogled na smrt in razumevanje fenomena smrti povezano z religiozno naravnanostjo človeka. V prvem delu je predstavljena filozofska misel Jeana-Paula Sartra preko njegovega dojemanja zavesti in objektivnega sveta ter niča, tesnobe in svobode. Predvsem se posveti obravnavi pojma smrti v Sartrovem delu Bit in nič ter v izbranih literarnih delih. Smrt je za Sartra tista, ki prekine človekovo svobodo. Obenem je ne moremo pričakovati in napovedati in kot taka je absurdna. V drugem delu se avtorica posveti misli Gabriela Marcela. Osredotoči se predvsem na razlikovanje med prvo in drugo refleksijo, med pojmoma biti in imeti ter med skrivnostjo in bivanjem. Med drugim spregovori tudi o dojemanju človekovega telesa, odnosa do drugega in svobode. Predvsem pa se posveti razumevanju smrti v povezavi s pojmoma upanja in ljubezni. Ti dve kreposti se s smrtjo človeka ne ukineta, ampak živita še naprej. V tretjem delu avtorica predstavi misel francosko-judovskega filozofa Emmanuela Levinasa. Sprva predstavi fenomenološko analizo obličja, preko katere Levinas razvije neskončno odgovornost do drugega človeka. Hkrati pa nam fenomenološka analiza obličja pomaga razumeti fenomen smrti. Filozof povezuje smrt s trpljenjem in časom. Ključno vlogo pa ima smrt drugega človeka, ki je pomembnejša od lastne smrti. Moja odgovornost do drugega se z njegovo smrtjo ne konča, temveč se nadaljuje kot krivda mene, preživelega. V zadnjem delu magistrske naloge avtorica analizira povezavo med predstavljenimi pogledi na smrt in religioznim prepričanjem njihovih avtorjev. Izpostavlja tri ključne vidike. Sartre kot ateist ni verjel v Boga in s tem v posmrtno življenje. Smrt je zanj pomenila konec vsega in zaradi tega je absurdna. Katolik Marcel je smrt razumel v odnosu do treh krščanskih kreposti. Smrt drugega človeka ne prekine našega odnosa do njega, saj nam ostaja upanje v posmrtno življenje. Za Levinasa kot prakticirajočega juda pa je smrt popoln vprašaj in čista »iz-jema« med vsemi ostalimi fenomeni. Naša nevednost glede smrti ne zmanjšuje odgovornosti do sočloveka, temveč jo krepi in razkriva neskončnost naše etične poklicanosti.

Keywords

smrt;eksistencialna misel;svoboda;upanje;etika;magistrske naloge;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2017
Typology:	2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:	UL TEOF - Theological Faculty
Publisher:	[U. Flisar]
UDC:	128(043.2)
COBISS:	7723866
Views:	1832
Downloads:	853
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Attitudes toward death in the thought of Sartre, Marcel and Levinas
Secondary abstract:	In the present master's thesis, the author deals with three existential thinkers and their view of death. In doing so, she finds out how the view of death and understanding of the phenomenon of death are linked to the religious orientation of man. The first part presents the philosophical thought of Jean-Paul Sartre through his concepts of consciousness, objective world, nothingness, anxiety and freedom. In particular, the author focuses on the treatment of the concept of death in Sartre's work, Being and Nothingness, and in some of his literary works. According to Sartre, death is that interrupts human freedom; we can neither expect nor predict it, and as such it reveals itself as an absurd. In the second part, the author concentrates on the thinking of Gabriel Marcel. She primarily focuses on the distinction between the first and the second reflection, between the concepts of being and having and between mystery and being. She also talks about the perception of the human body, the relation to another person and freedom. Above all, she devotes her attention to the understanding of death in connection with the concepts of hope and love. These virtues do not end with the death of man, but they continue to live. In the third part, the author presents the idea of the French-Jewish philosopher Emmanuel Levinas. Initially she presents a phenomenological analysis of the face through which Levinas develops infinite responsibility for another person. At the same time, the phenomenological analysis of the face helps us understand the phenomenon of death. The philosopher connects death with suffering and time. What plays the key role is the death of another person, which is more important than my own death. My responsibility for another person does not end with his death, but continues as the guilt of me, the survivor. In the final part of the master's thesis, the author analyses the connection between the presented views on death and the religious belief of their authors. She highlights three key aspects. Sartre as an atheist does not believe in God and thus into a life after death. To him, death represents the end of everything, and for this reason it is absurd. Catholic Marcel considers death in relation to three Christian virtues. The death of another person does not break our relationship with him, for our hope in a life after death remains. For Levinas as a practicing Jew, death is a pure question mark and an absolute and pure "ex-ception" among all other phenomena. Knowing nothing about death does not diminish my responsibility towards fellow men, but it actually strengthens it and reveals the infinity of our ethical vocation.
Secondary keywords:	death;existential thought;freedom;hope;ethics;Sartre;Jean-Paul;1905-1980;Marcel;Gabriel;1889-1973;Lévinas;Emmanuel;1905-1995;
Type (COBISS):	Master's thesis/paper
Study programme:	0
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Ljubljani, Teološka fak.
Pages:	VII, 68 str.
ID:	10910626