diplomska naloga
Gašper Zupanc (Author), Mateja Dovjak (Mentor), Uroš Stritih (Co-mentor)

Abstract

V današnjem sodobnem trendu gradnje se vse bolj uveljavlja gradnja lahkih montažnih objektov. V javnosti sta kot glavni prednosti v primerjavi s klasično težko opečnato gradnjo največkrat izpostavljena krajši čas gradnje ter energetska učinkovitost v smislu zelo nizke vrednosti toplotne prehodnosti posameznih konstrukcijskih sklopov. Bistvena pomanjkljivost, ki se velikokrat zapostavlja, pa se odraža v pomanjkanju toplotne kapacitete stavbe. Obstoječe raziskave navajajo, da se posledično v vedno večjem obsegu pojavljajo težave s pregrevanjem takšnih objektov v poletnem času. Vse to se odrazi na slabšem toplotnem udobju kot tudi večji energetski potratnosti stavbe v primeru aktivnega hlajenja. Glavni namen pričujočega diplomskega dela je bila primerjava težke in lahke gradnje z vidika parametrov toplotnega udobja in energetske učinkovitosti v poletnem času. V primerjavo je bila vključena tudi lahka gradnja z vsebovanimi fazno spremenljivimi materiali oz. PCM-ji, z namenom izboljšanja toplotne stabilnosti stavbe. Za namene diplomskega dela smo tako zasnovali pet različnih zasnov stavbnega ovoja objekta: težka gradnja, lahka ekso skeletna gradnja, lahka endo skeletna gradnja ter dva primera lahke endo skeletne gradnje, ki sta vključevala tudi uporabo PCM-ja. Različne zasnove smo med seboj primerjali tako z vidika toplotnega udobja (notranja temperatura zraka, operativna temperatura) kot energetskega vidika aktivnega hlajenja stavbe v poletnem obdobju. Izbrani parametri toplotnega udobja (notranja temperatura zraka, operativna temperatura) in potrebna energije za hlajenje so izračunani s pomočjo programskega orodja DesignBuilder. Izbran je bil karakteristični teden v avgustu, časovni korak za spremljanje parametrov pa je bila vsaka polna ura. Pri vrednotenju rezultatov je kot izhodišče služila trenutno veljavna slovenska zakonodaja na obravnavanih področjih. Rezultati so pokazali, da so bile pri zasnovi težkega ekso skeletnega stavbnega ovoja v povprečju za 0,9 °C nižje najvišje notranje temperature zraka kot pri lahkem endo skeletnem ovoju. Notranje temperature zraka pri lahkem ekso skeletnem ovoju so primerljive z lahkim endo skeletnim ovojem. Pri lahkem ovoju stavbe z vsebovano zadostno količino PCM-ja pa je odziv z vidika notranjih temperatur zraka podoben odzivu težke gradnje. Do podobnih ugotovitev smo prišli tudi pri dobljenih rezultatih operativnih temperatur, le da se tu odstopanja med različnimi zasnovami stavbnih ovojev še nekoliko večja (povprečje 1,1 °C). Skladno s pridobljenimi rezultati operativnih in notranjih temperatur zraka je tudi ugotovljeno pregrevanje obravnavanih zasnov ter potrebe hladu za aktivno klimatizacijo objektov. Pri zagotavljanju ustreznih bivalnih razmer v času visokih zunanjih temperatur zraka se izkaže velik pomen toplotne kapacitete stavbe. Na primerih uporabe PCM-jev je dokazano, da le s pravilno izbiro parametrov, kot sta količina in temperatura tališča PCM-ja, dosežemo željen učinek uporabe. Ta se izkaže z znižanjem in manjšim dnevnim nihanjem operativnih in notranjih temperatur zraka, posledično pa tudi z manjšo potrebo hladu za hlajenje stavb.

Keywords

gradbeništvo;diplomska naloga;UNI;B-GR;lahka gradnja;težka gradnja;fazno spremenljivi materiali;toplotno udobje;pregrevanje;potrebe hladu;stavbni ovoj;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UL FGG - Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering
Publisher: [G. Zupanc]
UDC: 62-112.6:699.86(497.4)(043.2)
COBISS: 8509793 Link will open in a new window
Views: 1227
Downloads: 777
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Thermal comfort solutions in lightweight prefabricated houses using PCM substances in construction materials
Secondary abstract: In modern construction trends, the construction of lightweight prefabricated buildings is increasingly gaining ground. The public opinion mostly sees its main advantages as compared to traditional heavyweight brick construction in shorter construction times and energy efficiency in terms of very low heat transfer coefficients between individual construction assemblies. A fundamental shortcoming, often disregarded, is the lack of heat capacity of the building itself. The existing research indicates that, as a consequence, such buildings are experiencing overheating problems during the summer to an ever greater extent. This results in lower thermal comfort and greater energy wastage of the building in the event of active cooling. The main purpose of this thesis is to compare heavyweight and lightweight construction in terms of the parameters of thermal comfort and energy efficiency in the summertime. The comparison also included lightweight construction with phase change materials (PCM) integrated with the aim of improving the thermal stability of the buildings. For the purposes of the thesis, we considered five different building envelope structures: heavyweight construction, lightweight load-bearing structure, lightweight frame structure, and two examples of lightweight frame structures with PCM. The structures were compared with each other both in terms of thermal comfort (internal air temperature and operative temperature) and energy efficiency of active cooling of the building in the summer period. The selected thermal comfort parameters (internal air temperature and operative temperature) and the energy required for cooling were calculated using the DesignBuilder software tool. A characteristic week in August was selected, the parameters were monitored with a time step of one hour, on the hour. The evaluation of the results relied upon the legislation in force in the Republic of Slovenian for the fields considered. The results showed that the highest internal air temperatures in the case of the heavyweight load bearing structure were on average 0.9 °C lower than in the case of the lightweight frame structure envelope. Internal air temperature in the case of the lightweight load-bearing structure envelope is comparable to that of lightweight frame structure envelope. The thermal response of the lightweight building envelope with a sufficient amount of PCM proved similar in terms of internal air temperatures to that of heavyweight construction. Similar findings were revealed by the results obtained for operative temperatures, with slightly greater discrepancies between the different building envelope structures (average 1,1°C). In accordance with the operative and internal air temperature results obtained, overheating of the structures studied and cooling demand for active air conditioning of the buildings was established. In the provision of adequate living conditions during high external air temperatures, the heat capacity of the building proves to be of great importance. The examples of PCM use show that the desired effect can only be achieved by selecting appropriate parameters, such as the amount and the melting point of the materials. The said effect is manifested by reduced operative and internal air temperatures as well as their daily fluctuations and, consequently, a lower cooling demand for cooling the buildings.
Secondary keywords: civil engineering;graduation thesis;lightweight construction;heavyweight construction;phase change materials;thermal comfort;overheating;cooling energy;building envelope;
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme: 0
Embargo end date (OpenAIRE): 1970-01-01
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Fak. za gradbeništvo in geodezijo
Pages: XII, 76 str.
ID: 10915645