Avtomatizacija odločanja

magistrsko delo

Nina Marin (Author), Vesna Rijavec (Mentor), Veronika Fikfak (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Digitalna tehnologija je postala nepogrešljiv del vseh področij in vidikov tako zasebnega kot javnega življenja in posega tako v prosti čas kot v sfero podjetništva. Takšne avtomatizirane sisteme uporabljajo banke, delodajalci, zdravstvene ustanove, podjetja idr. Posamezniki so vse pogosteje podvrženi avtomatizaciji, vprašanje pa je, v kolikšni meri se tega zavedajo. Z vnosom zahtevanih podatkov v posamezne obrazce npr. na banki, računalnik sam na podlagi algoritmov odloči o tem, ali je nekdo upravičen da pridobi kredit ali ne. Pri tem se zastavlja vprašanje, v kolikšni meri lahko pride pri takšnem odločanju do diskriminacije na podlagi posameznih vnešenih podatkov, ki jih algoritem ovrednoti različno. Razvoj avtomatizacije in umetne inteligence pa gre celo tako daleč, da lahko pričakujemo avtomatizacijo tudi na sodiščih, vprašanje pa je, v kolikšni meri lahko do tega pride. Mnogi so pri tem zaskrbljeni, kaj avtomatizacija odločanja pomeni za pravnike in ali lahko ogrozi poklic pravnika, saj npr. v nekaterih odvetniških pisarnah v Združenih državah Amerike že uporabljajo sistem algoritmov, ki stranki preko izpolnjenega spletnega obrazca sporoči, ali je v določeni zadevi primeren posvet pri odvetniku in pravno postopanje ali ne. Splošna uredba o varstvu podatkov (GDPR - General Data Protection Regulation), ki je bila sprejeta 27. aprila 2016 in se je pričela uporabljati 25. maja 2018, vsebuje pomembne določbe, ki urejajo področje avtomatiziranega odločanja. Oddelek 4 drugega poglavja ima naslov Pravica do ugovora in avtomatizirano sprejemanje posameznih odločitev, ki v členih 21 in 22 določa, kdaj lahko posameznik ugovarja obdelavi osebnih podatkov in kdaj je mogoče avtomatizirano sprejemanje posameznih odločitev, vključno z oblikovanjem profilov. V skladu z 22. členom Splošne uredbe o varstvu podatkov ima posameznik, na katerega se nanašajo osebni podatki, pravico, da zanj ne velja odločitev, ki temelji zgolj na avtomatizirani obdelavi, vključno z oblikovanjem profilov, ki ima pravne učinke v zvezi z njim ali na podoben način nanj znatno vpliva. Nadalje pa je določeno, da se omejitev iz prvega odstavka ne uporablja, če veljajo določene izjeme. Moja magistrska naloga bo napisana na podlagi predhodno opravljene raziskave o tem, kako se avtomatizacija in avtomatizirano odločanje uporablja v praksi, kje se že uporablja in v katerih postopkih se že uporablja, kakšne so njene prednosti in slabosti, kakšne spremembe na tem področju lahko pričakujemo po pričetku uporabe Splošne uredbe o varstvu podatkov in ali je možna avtomatizacija odločanja na sodiščih ter v kolikšni meri.

Keywords

avtomatizacija;avtomatizacija odločanja;umetna inteligenca;Splošna uredba o varstvu podatkov;algoritem;oblikovanje profilov;magistrska dela;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2018
Typology:	2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:	UM PF - Faculty of Law
Publisher:	N. Marin]
UDC:	347.951:004.891(043.3)
COBISS:	5610795
Views:	1048
Downloads:	218
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	AUTOMATED DECISION MAKING: THE FUTURE OF THE COURTS?
Secondary abstract:	Digital technology has become significant part in all aspects of both private and public life, not just in leisure but also in business. Automated-decision making systems are used in banking system, healthcare system, in business etc. Individuals are often subject to automated decision-making and the question is to what extent they are aware of it. By entering the required data into individual forms, for example in the bank, the computer itself decides on the basis of algorithm whether someone is entitled to get a loan or not. This raises the question of the extent in which such a decision can lead to discrimination based on individual’s data entered that algorithm evaluates differently. The development of automation and artificial intelligence is even so far that automation can be expected on the courts, but the question is to what extent is this possible. Some people are worried about the impact automated decision-making will have for lawyers and whether it can jeopardise the profession of a lawyer. In some law firms in the United States they are already using algorithmic systems to inform a client, through a completed online form, whether or not a consultation with a lawyer and legal action is appropriate in particular case. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) was adopted on 27 April 2016 and applied on 25 May 2018. GDPR contains important provisions governing the field of automated decision-making. Section 4 of the second chapter has a title “Right to object and automated decision-making” which in Articles 21 and 22 determines when an individual have the right object to the processing of personal data concerning him/her and when the data subject can be subject to a decision reached in automated decision-making. In accordance with Article 22 of the GDPR the data subject has the right not to be subject to the decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, which produces legal effects concerning him or her or similarly significantly affects him or her. Furthermore, it is provided that the restriction referred to in paragraph 1 shall not apply in certain exceptions. The master’s thesis focus on the previously conducted research on how automation and automated decision-making are used in practice, where this kind of system is already used and in which procedures. Furthermore, it focus on advantages and disadvantages of such automated decision-making systems and what changes can be expected in this field after the application of the GDPR and whether automated decision-making is possible on the courts and to what extent.
Secondary keywords:	automation;automated decision-making;artificial intelligence;General Data Protection Regulation;algorithm;profiling;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS):	Master's thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Pravna fak.
Pages:	64 f.
ID:	10942620