diplomsko delo
Lucija Rejc (Author), Mirjam Ravljen (Reviewer), Bernarda Djekić (Mentor), Polona Gorjup (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Uvod: Bolečina je neprijeten občutek, ki ima obrambno ali opozorilno vlogo, hkrati pa predstavlja stres za organizem in pomeni dejavnik tveganja za razvoj zapletov. Prepoznavanje bolečine pri kritično bolnih v enotah intenzivnega zdravljenja je težavno zaradi spremenjene sposobnosti zaznavanja in težav v procesu komunikacije. Bolečina je pogosto obravnavana kot peti vitalni znak, s čimer je zagotovljeno njeno redno spremljanje. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je izpostaviti pomen pravočasnega prepoznavanja bolečine pri kritično bolnih s poudarkom na vključenost medicinske sestre. Cilj diplomskega dela je ugotoviti dejavnike, ki vplivajo na pojav in stopnjo bolečine pri kritično bolnih in raziskati orodja za njeno prepoznavanje. Metode dela: V diplomskem delu je bila uporabljena deskriptivna metoda dela s pregledom slovenske in angleške strokovne in znanstvene literature, ki je bila pridobljena preko spletnega portala digitalne knjižnice Univerze v Ljubljani, v mednarodnih spletnih bazah CINAHL in Medline ter s pomočjo COBIB.SI. V kvalitativno analizo je bilo vključenih 13 raziskav. Moč dokazov analiziranih raziskav je ovrednotena po 4-stopenjski lestvici. Rezultati: Najpogostejši ugotovljeni vzroki za pojav bolečine pri kritično bolnih so različne intervencije: spreminjanje lege, aspiracija, odstranitev raznih drenov ter vstavljanje kanil in katetrov. Za oceno stopnje bolečine pri kritično bolnih se lahko uporablja več ocenjevalnih lestvic. Pri neodzivnih bolnikih in pri bolnikih, ki ne morejo komunicirati, se priporočata opazovalna lestvica za oceno bolečine pri kritično bolnem in vedenjska lestvica za oceno bolečine. Razprava in sklep: Medicinska sestra neprekinjeno spremlja kritično bolnega, zato ima pomembno vlogo pri zgodnjem prepoznavanju znakov in simptomov bolečine. Uporaba specifičnih lestvic za oceno bolečine pri tej skupini bolnikov je šele v razvoju. Tudi v slovenskem prostoru bi bilo smiselno izvesti raziskavo, v katero bi bili vključeni prevodi največkrat uporabljenih ocenjevalnih lestvic, ki jih navajajo tuje raziskave. Pomembno je tudi strokovno usposabljanje in izobraževanje zdravstvenih delavcev na tem področju, saj le tako kritično bolnim lahko zagotovijo kakovostno obravnavo z ustrezno prepoznavo in lajšanjem bolečine.

Keywords

diplomska dela;zdravstvena nega;bolečina;dejavniki tveganja;ocenjevalne lestvice;opazovalna lestvica;vedenjska lestvica;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UL ZF - University College of Health Studies
Publisher: [L. Rejc]
UDC: 616-083
COBISS: 5457771 Link will open in a new window
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: ǂThe ǂrole of a nurse in recognition of pain in critically ill in the intensive care unit
Secondary abstract: Introduction: Pain is an uncomfortable feeling with a defensive or a warning role, which presents stress for an organism and a risk factor for complications. Recognition of pain in critially ill patients in intensive care units is difficult, because of their changed ability of perception and communication. Pain is often considered the fifth vital sign, which ensures its regular monitoring. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to explore different screening tools that can be used for early recognition of pain, to determine the factors that influence the level of pain and define the role of nurses who take care of critically ill patients with pain. Methods: In my thesis I used the descriptive method using Slovene and English professional and scientific literature, from the international online basis CINAHL, Medline and COBIB.SI. I included thirteen studies in the qualitative analysis. The reliability of evidence was evaluated by a four-point scale. Results: The research showed that the most frequent reasons for pain of critically ill patients are turning, aspiration, removal of drains and insertion of the arterial/peripheral canal. Different screening tools can be used for rating the pain. The reccommended screening tools for patients who are unable to communicate or respond are the critical care pain observation tool and the behavioural pain scale. Conclusion: As nurses continuously monitor critically ill patients, they play an important role in recognising the early signs and symptoms of pain. In Slovenia it is necessary to carry out a reasearch and to develop screening tools for pain assessment in intensive care unit. The research should take into account the most common screening tools used in other countries, compare them and issue new guidelines for assessment of pain in Slovenia. The professional development and education of nurses are also of vital importance because they can provide quality treatment with proper identification and pain relief.
Secondary keywords: diploma theses;nursing care;pain;risk factors;screening tools;observation tool;behavioural scale;
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme: 0
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Zdravstvena fak., Oddelek za zdravstveno nego
Pages: 31 str., [2] str. pril.
ID: 10944052