Delovanje ketogene diete na možgane

diplomsko delo

Ema Ogrizek (Author), Matjaž Homan (Reviewer), Marko Kreft (Mentor)

Abstract

Ketogena dieta igra pomembno vlogo pri zdravljenju in lajšanju simptomov nekaterih bolezni centralnega živčnega sistema. Gre za način prehrane z visoko vsebnostjo maščob, nizko vsebnostjo ogljikovih hidratov in ustreznim beljakovinskim vnosom. Glukoza je glavni vir energije za možgane, uravnavanje metabolizma le te, je tako ključnega pomena za normalno delovanje možganov, kot tudi celotnega organizma. Po nekaj dneh posta ali velikega pomanjkanja ogljikovih hidratov, pa se presnova maščob v jetrih preusmeri z normalne oksidacije na ketogeno. Zaradi prevelike produkcije acetil-koencima A in nezadostne produkcije oksaloacetata, v jetrih nastajajo ketonska telesa, ki so alternativni vir energije za možgane. Stanje ketoze spremeni energijski metabolizem v možganih in se zato lahko uporablja za zdravljenje nekaterih bolezni. Ketogena dieta je uveljavljen način zdravljenja trdovratnih epilepsij, saj učinkovito zmanjša pogostost epileptičnih napadov, v nekaterih primerih pa jih popolnoma prepreči. Eden izmed vzrokov za zmanjšanje napadov pripisujejo večji produkciji GABA, glavnega inhibitornega nevrotransmitorja v centralnem živčevju. Pri bolnikih s sindromom pomanjkanja glukoznega transporterja (GLUT1), ki omogoča difuzijo glukoze skozi krvno možgansko pregrado, se za zdravljenje uporablja ketogena dieta. Taka dieta ima pozitivne učinke tudi pri Alzheimerjevi bolezni in pri amiotrofični lateralni sklerozi (ALS), ki je nevrodegenerativna bolezen motoričnega sistema.

Keywords

prehrana;ketogena dieta;ketoza;ketonska telesca;metabolizem;glukoza;maščobe;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2018
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UL BF - Biotechnical Faculty
Publisher:	[E. Ogrizek]
UDC:	613.2:612.397:616.8
COBISS:	4928632
Views:	1445
Downloads:	570
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Effects of ketogenic diet on the brain
Secondary abstract:	Ketogenic diet plays an important role in treating symptoms of the diseases that affect the central nervous system. It is a high fat, low-carb and moderate protein diet. Glucose is the main energy fuel for the brain, therefore regulation of glucose metabolism is critical for normal brain and entire organism function. After a few days of fasting or a drastic reduction in carbohydrate intake from the diet,lipid metabolism is shifted from normal oxidation to ketogenic metabolism. Due to overproduction of acetyl-CoA and insufficient production of oxaloacetate, liver produce ketone bodies, an alternative energy source for the brain. Ketosis causes changes in energy brain metabolism and can be used for treating severe diseases. Ketogenic diet is typically used by patients with intractable epilepsy, it reduces the frequency of seizures and in some cases it completely prevents them. One of the reasons is increased production of GABA, the main inhibitory neurotransmitter. GLUT1 is the protein that transports glucose across the brain blood barrier. Individuals with GLUT1 deficiency syndrome are treated with ketogenic diet, where ketones serve as an alternative fuel for the brain. A well characterized feature of Alzheimer's disease is progressive decline in cerebral metabolic rate of glucose, ketone bodies improve the effectiveness of glucose metabolism. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a motor neurone disease, where mutation can cause mitochondrial dysfunction and ketogenic diet improves mitochondrial function.
Secondary keywords:	nutrition;ketogenic diet;ketosis;ketone bodies;metabolism;glucose;fats;
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme:	0
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fak., Oddelek za živilstvo
Pages:	VII, 20 f.
ID:	10944273