Ali Kosovo izpolnjuje pogoje za članstvo v Organizaciji združenih narodov

diplomsko delo

Ana Velikanje (Author), Ernest Petrič (Mentor)

Abstract

Veliko je bilo polemik glede legitimnosti razglasitve neodvisnosti Kosova,o čemer je svoje mnenje podalo tudi Meddržavno sodišče v Haagu. Ugotovilo je, da Deklaracija o razglasitvi neodvisnosti Kosova ni v neskladju z mednarodnim pravom. Posledično lahko razumemo, da ni v nasprotju z mednarodnim pravom niti neodvisnost Kosova kot samostojne države. Kljub temu da je Kosovo priznalo veliko število držav,pa ima še vedno težave pri vstopu v OZN.V svojem diplomskem delu podrobneje analiziram posamezne pogoje, ki so zahtevani na podlagi 4. člena Ustanovne listine OZN. Opredelim se do tega ali Kosovo izpolnjuje pogoje državnosti, miroljubnosti, ali sprejema obveznosti iz Ustanovne listine ter ali je te obveznosti sposobno izpolnjevati. Največja ovira pri sprejemu niso pogoji iz 4. člena, slednje namreč Kosovo izpolnjuje. Vstop v organizacijo je Kosovu onemogočen zaradi Rusije, ki kot ena izmed stalnih članic Varnostnega sveta uveljavlja pravico veta. Pravica veta sicer izvira iz začetne dobe OZN in je bila ustanovljena z namenom blokiranja odločitve, ki bi bila skrajno v nasprotju z interesi katere izmed zmagovitih sil druge svetovne vojne (stalnih članic). Sprejetje take odločitve bi namreč lahko povzročilo celo spopad med stalnimi članicami in s tem ogrozilo primarni namen organizacije po zagotavljanju miru in varnosti. Kljub temu zgleda, da bi bilo koristno omejiti uporabo pravice veta, saj dosedanja pravila v bistvu ne preprečujejo njene zlorabe.Tudi naslednice nekdanje SFRJ so se spopadale z določenimi težavami ob vstopanju v OZN. Slovenija in Hrvaška ter Bosna in Hercegovina so v OZN vstopile brez večjih težav. V tistem času sta bili Srbija in Črna gora še skupna entiteta pod imenom Zvezna republika Jugoslavija, ki je želela biti naslednica nekdanje SFRJ. Za tem se je Črna gora odcepila od Srbije in posebej zaprosila za članstvo v OZN. Slovenija pri vstopu v OZN ni imela težav v primerjavi s Kosovom, saj so jo pred tem že priznale vse stalne članice Varnostnega sveta. V nasprotju z njo pa je Makedonija v organizacijo lahko vstopila samo pod pogojem, da je pristala na spremembo imena. Ime države je bistven element njene pravne subjektivitete ter njene državnosti. Izhajajoč iz tega so organi OZN s tem, ko so Makedoniji postavili dodaten pogoj za vstop v organizacijo, kršili norme mednarodnega prava ter temeljno načelo OZN o suvereni enakosti vseh držav članic. Prav tako je bilo tako ravnanje v nasprotju z načelom univerzalnosti organizacije.

Keywords

neodvisnost Kosova;pravica do samoodločbe;OZN;zloraba pravice veta;vstop bivših republik SFRJ v OZN;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2017
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	EVRO-PF - European Faculty of Law, Nova Gorica
Publisher:	[A. Velikanje]
UDC:	341.1+341.217(043.2)
COBISS:	2053137334
Views:	3003
Downloads:	222
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
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Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary abstract:	There was a lot of controversy regarding the legitimacy of the declaration of Kosovo's independence, which was also the subject of the advisory opinion of the International court of justice in the Hague. The court concluded that the adoption of the declaration of independence of Kosovo is in accordance with international law. Consequently, we can conclude that Kosovo being an independent state is also in accordance with international law. Despite the fact that a large number of countries recognized Kosovoit still has difficulties entering the UN. In my diploma thesis I analyze in detail the individual conditions required under Article 4 of the UN Charter. I try to define whether Kosovo fulfills the conditions of statehood, peacefulness,accepts obligations from the Charter, and whether Kosovo is capable of fulfilling these obligations. The biggest obstacleto acceptance are not the conditions from Article 4, Kosovo fulfills those requirements. Access of Kosovo to the organization is prevented by Russia, which, as one of the permanent members of the Security Council, exercises the right of veto. The right of veto otherwise originates from the initial period of the UN and was created for the purpose of blocking a decision that would be extremely contrary to the interests of one of the victorious forces of the Second World War (permanent members). The adoption of such a decision could even lead to confrontation between permanent members, thereby jeopardizing the organization's primary purpose of ensuring peace and security. Nevertheless, it seems useful to limit the use of the veto right, since the existing rules do not essentially prevent its abuse.The successors of the former SFRY also faced some difficulties when entering the UN. Slovenia, Croatia as well as Bosnia and Herzegovina entered the UN without major problems. At that time Serbia and Montenegro were still a common entity under the name Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, which wanted to be the successor to the former SFRY. Later, Montenegro seceded from Serbia and separately applied for membership in the UN. Compared to Kosovo Slovenia did not have problems entering the UN because it was recognized beforehand by all permanent members of the Security Council. Contrary to Slovenia, Macedonia was able to enter the organization only under the condition that it agreed to change its name. The name of a state is an essential element of its legal personality and its statehood. By imposing additional conditions for entry into the organizationon Macedonia the UN authorities violated the norms of international law and UN's fundamental principle on sovereign equality of all Member States . Moreover, such conduct was not in accordance with the organization's principle of universality.
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Evropska pravna fak.
Source comment:	Dipl. delo 1. stopnje bolonjskega študija;
Pages:	VI, 58 str.
ID:	10944429