Novosti evropske zakonodaje o zaščiti poskusnih živali

diplomsko delo

Nina Tršelič (Author), Jernej Letnar Černič (Mentor)

Abstract

Poskusi na živalih (vivisekcija) so različne metode, pri katerih se za biomedicinski razvoj uporabljajo žive živali.Evropska konvencija za zaščito vretenčarjev, ki se uporabljajo v poskusne in druge znanstvene namene je prvi mednarodni predpis o zaščiti tovrstnih živali. S sklepom Sveta EU je pogodbenica omenjene Konvencije ETS 123 postala tudi EUin s tem na mednarodni ravni priznala pomen zaščite in dobrobiti poskusnih živali.Direktiva 68/609/EGS povzema določila Konvencije ETS 123, vendar ima za razliko od nje zakonodajno moč, kar pomeni dolžnost vseh držav članic, da predpisane zahteve Konvencije ETS 123 prek nacionalne zakonodaje vnesejo v svoj pravni sistem. Namen njenega sprejetja je bilo predvsem usklajevanje nacionalnih zakonodaj, in sicer v smislu enotnih ukrepov za zaščito poskusnih živali. Z leti, razvojem in novimi znanstvenimi dognanji na tem področju pa je zaradi preohlapnih določb Konvencije ETS 123 spet začelo prihajati do čedalje večjih razhajanj med državami članicami. Novosti evropske zakonodaje na tem področju so torej posledica revizije Direktive 86/609/EGS.Nova Direktiva 2010/63/EU je prinesla številne novosti in izboljšave. Eno od pomembnejših je načelo 3R, ki vključuje zamenjavo poskusov z živalmi z alternativnimi metodami, zmanjšanje števila poskusnih živali ter izboljšanje metod in oskrbe živali, ki se uporabljajo v znanstvene namene. Določila te direktive naj bi bila prava pot k popolni prepovedi poskusov na živalih, za kar se je leta 2013 v okviru evropske državljanske pobude zavzelo ogromno število evropskih državljanov.Uporaba živali v poskusne namene torej ni novost, temveč stoletja stara praksa. Vivisekcija je v preteklosti do neke mere sicer bila uporabna, vendar lahko v letu 2016 z gotovostjo trdimo, da z razvojem številnih novih metod postaja čedalje bolj neuporabna. Prve alternativne metode so se namreč izkazale za izjemno uspešne, celo bolj kot poskusi na živalih, so veliko manj tvegane in bolj humane.

Keywords

poskusne živali;Konvencija ETS 123;Direktiva 2010/63EU;Zakon o zaščiti živali;načelo 3R;evropska državljanska pobuda;alternativne metode;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2016
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	EVRO-PF - European Faculty of Law, Nova Gorica
Publisher:	[N. Tršelič]
UDC:	341:179.3(043.2)
COBISS:	2053143734
Views:	3531
Downloads:	267
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary abstract:	Experiments on animals (vivisection) are different methods, in which live animals are used for biomedical development.European Convention for the protection of vertebrate animals used for experimental and other scientific purposes is the first international regulation on the protection of these animals. With the Council's decision the European Union became contracting party to the Convention and with that act the European Union has also at international level recognised the importance of the protection and welfare of experimental animals.Directive 68/609/EEC summarises the provisions of the Convention, but unlike the Convention it has the legislative power, which means an obligation of all Member States to implement statutory requirements of the Convention through national legislation into their legal system. The purpose of its adoption was mainly to harmonise national laws in terms of uniform measures for the protection of experimental animals. Over the years, with development and new scientific knowledge in this field too loose provisions of the Convention are once again leading to the increasing discrepancy between Member States.Novelties in the European legislation in this field are therefore the result of the revision of Directive 86/609/EEC. The new Directive 2010/63/EU has brought many new features and improvements. One of the most important isthe 3R principle, which includesreplacementof experiments on animals with alternative methods, reduction of the number of involved animals and refinement methods and care of animals used for scientific purposes. The provisions of this directive could be the right way to a total ban on animal experiments, for which in the year 2013 a huge number of European citizens called for in the context of the European Citizens Initiative.Use of animals for experimental purposes therefore is not a novelty, but a centuries old practice. Vivisection has been useful in the past to some extent but in the year 2016 we can with certainty say that with the development of many new methods it is becoming increasingly useless. First alternative methods have in fact proven to be extremely successful, even more than animal experiments and they are much less risky and more humane.
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Evropska pravna fak.
Source comment:	Dipl. delo 1. stopnje bolonjskega študija;
Pages:	VII, 53 str.
ID:	10944549