Intraspecifična in interspecifična kompeticija volkcev (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) za optimalno podlago

magistrsko delo

Mojca Kvas (Author), Dušan Devetak (Mentor)

Abstract

V magistrskem delu smo obravnavali intraspecifično kompeticijo med osebki vrste Euroleon nostras in interspecifično kompeticijo med osebki vrst Euroleon nostras in Myrmeleon formicarius, (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Obe vrsti sta prisotni v Sloveniji in imata enako ekološko nišo. Volkci so sedentarni plenilci, ki bodisi čakajo zakopani v substratu in napadejo, ko je plen v bližini, bodisi gradijo specializirane pasti - lijake v katere se plen ujame. Obe proučevani vrsti gradita lijake. Zanimalo nas je, kako se bosta obnašala dva osebka na omejenem prostoru. V posodice smo na polovico nasuli pesek optimalne granulacije (230-540 ▫$\mu$▫m), na drugo polovico pa pesek z neugodno granulacijo (1540-2200 ▫$\mu$▫m). Polovica posodice je bila velikosti, ki dovoljuje izgradnjo enega lijaka. Meja med različnima granulacijama je bila natančno vidna. Nato smo postavili dva osebka na sredino posode, kjer je meja med različnima granulacijama. V obeh primerih smo ugotovili, da se največkrat zgodi, da en volkec naredi lijak v finem pesku, medtem ko se drugi skrije v neugodni substrat. Pri interspecifični kompeticiji smo ugotovili, da večkrat zmagajo volkci vrste Euroleon nostras. Drugi odziv volkcev je bil takšen, da je zmagovalec naredil lijak v finem pesku, poraženec pa lijak v grobem pesku. Takšnih primerov je bilo več pri intraspecifični kompeticiji. Tretji odziv, ki smo ga opazili je bil takšen, da sta oba volkca naredila lijak v finem pesku, le da je bil en lijak občutno večji od drugega. Takšnih primerov je bilo več pri interspecifični kompeticiji. Iz navedenega lahko sklepamo, da je za vrsto Myrmeleon formicarius substrat takšne granulacije povsem neprimeren za izgradnjo lijaka in da so manj uspešni pri kompeticiji za prostor v primerjavi z volkci vrste Euroleon nostras. V obeh poskusih je prišlo tudi do kanibalizma, vendar je ta procent zelo nizek. Pri interspecifični kompeticiji se je zgodilo tudi to, da noben od volkcev ni naredil lijaka, so pa bile sledi le tega. Nekaj volkcev se je v času poskusa zabubilo.

Keywords

magistrska dela;volkci;lijakarji;Euroleon nostras;Myrmeleon formicarius;intraspecifična kompeticija;interspecifična kompeticija;premer lijaka;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2018
Typology:	2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:	UM FNM - Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics
Publisher:	[M. Kvas]
UDC:	574:595.74(043.2)
COBISS:	24043528
Views:	825
Downloads:	77
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Intraspecific and interspecific competition in antlions (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) for optimal substrate
Secondary abstract:	We studied intraspecific competition between antlion larvae Euroleon nostras and interspecific competition between Euroleon nostras larvae and Myrmeleon formicarius larvae (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Both species are common in Slovenia and have the same ecological niche. Antlions are sedentary predators, which wait in substrate and attack prey when it is close enough or they build specialized traps - inverted conical pits. Both investigated species are pit-builders. We observed how two larvae will behave in restricted space. In one half of the container we put sand with optimal granulation (230-540 ▫$\mu$▫m), and in the other part sand with non-optimal granulation (1540-2200 ▫$\mu$▫m). Half of the container presents the space in which one pit can be build. Border between different sands is clearly visible. We put two larvae in the middle of the container, where there is border between two different sands. In most cases one larvae builds a pit and the other hides in non-optimal substrate. In interspecific competition the winner was frequently E. nostras. The second response that we noticed was where the winner built a pit in optimal sand and the loser in non-optimal. This happened more frequently in intraspecific competition. It happened also that both larvae built pits in sand with optimal granulation, but there was a clear difference in the size of the pits. This behaviour happened more often in interspecific competition. We can conclude that the non-optimal sand is unsuitable for pit building in species M. formicarius and this species is not so successful as is E. nostras. In both experiments there was cannibalism observed but in small percentage. A few antlions pupated during the experiment.
Secondary keywords:	master theses;antlios;pit-builders;Euroleon nostras;Myrmeleon formicarius;intraspecific competition;interspecific competition;pit diameter;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS):	Master's thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za naravoslovje in matematiko, Oddelek za biologijo
Pages:	VII, 38 f.
ID:	10951632