magistrsko delo
Sanja Ozimič (Author), Sonja Škornik (Mentor), Igor Paušič (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Orjaška zlata rozga (Solidago gigantea Aiton) je rastlinska vrsta iz družine nebinovk (Asteraceace). Izvira iz Severne Amerike, v Evropo so jo kot okrasno rastlino prinesli v 18. stoletju. Je nezahtevna vrsta, ustrezajo ji različni tipi rastišč ne glede na teksturo tal, osvetljenost, vlažnost prsti ali prisotnost nutrientov v prsti. Širi se hitro in daleč, saj ima dolge in trpežne korenike. Smatra se kot ena izmed najbolj agresivnih invazivnih vrst v Evropi. Problem predstavljajo njeni gosti sestoji, ki izpodrinejo ostale vrste na rastišču, povzroča pa še vrsto drugih težav, zato predvsem na zaščitenih območjih spremljajo njene populacije. V magistrskem delu smo se osredotočili na proučevanje gostih sestojev orjaške zlate rozge na opuščenih travnikih v Motvarjevcih, ki so del Krajinskega parka Goričko. Raziskovali smo vpliv te invazivne vrste na talno semensko banko na dveh izbranih oligotrofnih mokrotnih travnikih (zveza Molinion caeruleae), ki sta imela podobne okoljske razmere, razlika je bila v tem, da je na enem travniku bila visoka gostota orjaške zlate rozge, kot posledica opuščene košnje, medtem ko je bil drugi redno košen in vrsta S.gigantea ni bila prisotna. Na vsakem travniku smo si izbrali dve vzorčni ploskvi v velikosti 0.5 x 0.5 m. Popisali smo floristično sestavo ploskev in na petih mestih (na vsakem vogalu in v sredini) zbrali vzorce tal s cevjo premera 5 cm na dveh različnih globinah (0-5 cm in 5-10 cm). Skupno smo pregledali semensko banko v 40 vzorcih oz. pribl. 3920 cm3 tal. Semena smo od prsti ločili z metodo presejevanja in s flotacijo semen. Najdena semena smo določili, zbrali podatke o morfološko-funkcionalnih potezah popisanih rastlinskih vrst, jih statistično obdelali ter določili tudi CSR oznake rastlinskih združb. Rezultati so pokazali, da vrsta S.gigantea vpliva na talno semensko banko, saj je število najdenih semen na košenem travniku znatno višje (N = 668 v 1960 cm3 tal), kot število najdenih semen na opuščenem travniku s prevladujočo zlato rozgo (N = 109 v 1960 cm3 tal). Tudi analize CSR rastlinskih strategij so pokazale, da je orjaška zlata rozga močan kompetitor (C), kar dokazuje s svojo uspešnostjo pri širjenju, tvorjenju gostih sestojev in izpodrinjanju ostalih rastlinskih vrst v združbi.

Keywords

magistrska dela;orjaška zlata rozga;Krajinski park Goričko;invazivne vrste;talna semenska banka;CSR analiza;metoda presejevanja;metoda flotacije semen;Motvarjevci;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization: UM FNM - Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics
Publisher: [S. Ozimič]
UDC: 582.991.1(043.2)
COBISS: 24124680 Link will open in a new window
Views: 939
Downloads: 114
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Impact of giant goldenrod (Solidago gigantea Aiton) on solid seed bank of extensively managed grasslands
Secondary abstract: Giant goldenrod (Solidago gigantea Aiton) is part of native prairie communities and open woodland in nothern America, belongs to the genus Solidago within the family of the Asteraceae. It was introduced to Europe in 18th century as an ornamental plant. Giant goldenrod is generally described as having a broad tolerance, she succeeds on many different habitats independently of lightning, humidity, soil texture or source of nutrients in the soil. It spreads very quickly, because of her clonal growth organ which is formed below-ground (hypogeogenous stem). It is currently one of the most dangerous invasive species in Europe so it has to be monitored, especially in protected areas. In our Master Thesis we focused on grasslands in Motvarjevci which are part of Natura 2000 network in Goričko Landscape park in NE Slovenia. The aim of our research was to identify the impact of Giant goldenrod on soil seed bank of two oligotrophic wet meadows (alliance Molinion caeruleae) which had very similar environmental conditions. The only difference between them was that on the first grassland there was high density of Giant goldenrod, due to abandonment of agricultural use, but on the other grassland there was no S.gigantea. On each grassland we chose two squares size 0.5 x 0.5 m and on five different places (in every corner and in the middle) we took soil samples from two different depths (0-5 cm and 5-10 cm). We saved our soil samples and prepared them for further analyses. In total, we examined the seed bank in 40 soil samples (app. 3920 cm3 of soil). We seperated seeds from soils by sieving it through a set of screens and by seed flotation. We determined the seeds, defined morpho-functional traits and did CSR signature of plant community on research area. Our results showed that Giant goldenrod has an impact on soil seed bank, because the number of found seeds on the grassland without goldenrod is significally higher (N = 668 in 1960 cm3 of soil) than the number of seeds on the grassland with goldenrod (N = 109 in 1960 cm3 of soil). Also to CSR Triangle theory, Giant goldenrod is a strong competitor (C) and it spreads easily, forms large dense stands and also dislodges other plants out of a community.
Secondary keywords: master theses;giant goldenrod;Krajinski park Goričko;invasive species;soil seed bank;CSR analysis;seed flotation;Motvarjevci;
URN: URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS): Master's thesis/paper
Thesis comment: Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za naravoslovje in matematiko, Oddelek za biologijo
Pages: IX, 57 f.
ID: 10954741