diplomsko delo
Nika Ferlin (Author), Nina Hiti (Reviewer), Mojca Divjak (Mentor)

Abstract

Uvod: Bolečina v križu je pogosta mišično-kostna motnja, za katero je znano, da je povezana s fizikalnimi, biološkimi, psihosocialnimi in genetskimi dejavniki ter z dejavniki okolja. Hrbtenica je najpomembnejši segment za celotno stabilnost telesa. Stabilnost hrbtenice omogoča pasivni sistem (kosti in sklepi) in aktivni sistem (mišice). Pri dolgotrajnem sedenju je mišična aktivnost minimalna, tako se obremenitev običajno prenese na lokalna mehka tkiva. Sile na hrbtenico so rezultat telesne drže, mišične aktivnosti in pasivne podpore. Vsaka drža, ki jo posameznik zadržuje dalj časa, vodi do občutka neprijetnosti in bolečine. Kljub nesoglasjem o tem, kaj je optimalen sedeč položaj, je bilo več raziskav jasnih in doslednih glede priporočil, da je potrebno večkrat menjavati položaj telesa med sedenjem.Namen: Na podlagi pregleda domače in tuje literature dokazati oziroma utemeljiti, da predstavljeni dejavniki tveganja sedečega pisarniškega dela vplivajo na nespecifične bolečine v križu. Metode dela: Deskriptivni pristop je vseboval sistematično pridobivanje in analiziranje strokovne in znanstvene literature in sicer tako domače kot tuje. Literatura je bila izbrana na podlagi naslednjih vključitvenih kriterijev: slovenski in angleški jezik, možnost dostopa do celotnega besedila, obdobje med letoma 1999 in 2017, vrsta bolečine-nespecifična bolečina v križu, obravnavani so pisarniški delavci ali ljudje s sedečim načinom dela. Rezultati: V diplomsko delo je bilo vključenih 11 študij, od tega 3 študije sistematičnega pregleda randomiziranih študij, v katerih je obravnavano sedeče delo in njegovi dejavniki kot tveganje za bolečino v križu. Obravnavanih je bilo tudi 8 randomiziranih študij tujih avtorjev. Povzetek rezultatov večine študij kaže, da določeni dejavniki sedečega dela lahko vplivajo na nespecifične bolečine v križu. Razprava in sklep: Avtorji so soglasni, da imajo različni položaji sedenja različen učinek na obremenitev hrbtenice in aktivacijo mišic trupa. Poudarja se zavzemanje za nevtralno držo ledvene hrbtenice, za izogibanje morebitno povzročeni bolečini pri drži na končnem obsegu giba. Nevtralna drža naj bi olajšala tudi aktivacijo najpomembnejših mišic trupa. Na podlagi pregleda strokovne literature lahko povzamemo, da je pri bolečini v križu potrebno upoštevati vse dejavnike tveganja in raziskati, kolikšen vpliv imajo posamezni dejavniki. Bolečina v križu je večdimenzionalen problem, pri čemer ne moremo upoštevati samo sedečega položaja, temveč tudi fizikalne, biološke, psihosocialne in genetske dejavnike ter dejavnike okolja.

Keywords

diplomska dela;fizioterapija;sedeči položaj;telesna drža;dolgotrajno sedenje;stabilizacija hrbtenice;ledveni del hrbtenice;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UL ZF - University College of Health Studies
Publisher: [N. Ferlin]
UDC: 615.8
COBISS: 5471083 Link will open in a new window
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Risk factors for developing non specific [!] low back pain in office workers
Secondary abstract: Introduction: Low back pain is the most common musculoskeletal disorder, which is generally known to be associated with physical, biological, psychosocial, genetical and environmental risk factors. Spine is the most important segment for the overall stability of the body. Passive system (bones and joints) and active system (muscles) are necessary, when we are talking of body stability. With prolonged sitting the muscle activity is minimal, so the load normally transfers to the local soft tissues. Forces on the spine are the result of the posture of the spine, muscle activity and passive support. Each posture, that an individual maintains for a long time, leads to the feeling of inconvenience and pain. There had been disagreements about what is an optimal sitting position, but most of researchers were clear and consistent with recommendations, that repeatedly changing the position of the posture is necessary when prolonged sitting. Purpose: To prove or justify that the presented risk factors of sedentary office work are related with nonspecific low back pain, based on domestic and foreign literature review. Methods: The descriptive approach included the systematic collection and analysis of professional and scientific literature, both domestic and foreign. Literature was selected by the following selective criteria: Slovenian and English language, the ability to access the full text, the period between 2000 and 2017, type of pain - nonspecific low back pain, office workers or people with sedentary work type. Results: The thesis includes 11 studies, 3 of them are systematic reviews of randomized studies, in which it is discussed only sedentary work and its factors as a risk for low back pain. 8 randomized studies of foreign authors were also included. A summary of the results of most studies shows that certain factors of sedentary work may affect nonspecific low back pain. Discussion and conclusion: The authors agree, that different sitting positions means different load on the spine and different activation of torso muscles. It is advised holding a neutral posture, while sitting for purpose of avoiding a potentially caused pain at the end range of motion. Neutral posture should also facilitate the activation of the major muscles of the trunk. After the review of literature, it can be summarized, that we should take in consideration all risk factors and investigated the impact of individual factors have, when talking about nonspecific low back pain. Low back pain is a multidimensional problem, whereby we can not only consider the sedentary position, but also physical, biological, psychosocial, genetic and environmental factors.
Secondary keywords: diploma theses;physiotherapy;sitting position;body posture;prolonged sitting;spine stabilization;lumbar spine;
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme: 0
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Zdravstvena fak., Oddelek za fizioterapijo
Pages: 27 str.
ID: 10957204