diplomsko delo
Lea Strajnar (Author), Andreja Mihelič Zajec (Reviewer), Marija Zaletel (Mentor), Renata Vettorazzi (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Uvod: Hospitalizirani otroci pogosto prestajajo nepotrebno bolečino med posegi, ki so nujni za diagnosticiranje in zdravljenje njihovih bolezni. Stres in anksioznost, ki ju doživljajo otroci pri bolečih posegih, lahko vplivata na njihovo fizično in psihično vedenje. Namen: Želeli smo predstaviti praktične nasvete in napotke za učinkovito komunikacijo z otroki v kliničnem okolju ter komunikacijo kot del atravmatske zdravstvene nege. Predstaviti pa smo želeli tudi različne lestvice za lažje ocenjevanje bolečine pri pediatričnih pacientih. Metode dela: Pri pisanju diplomskega dela smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo dela. Pregledali smo slovensko in tujo literaturo. Iskanje literature je potekalo s pomočjo podatkovnih zbirk PubMed, Cinahl, Cochrane, Eric, Google učenjak in strokovnih knjig. Literaturo smo iskali tudi prek digitalne knjižnice Univerze v Ljubljani (DiKul) in s pomočjo bibliografsko-kataložne baze podatkov slovenskih knjižnic Cobib.si. Uporabili smo strokovne, izvirne in pregledne znanstvene članke, ki so dostopni v celotnem besedilu in objavljeni v recenziranih znanstvenih revijah. Zajeli smo literaturo, objavljeno od leta 2007 do leta 2017. Rezultati: Ker smo opazili pogosto zelo močen vpliv stresa in anksioznosti na potek zdravljenja, smo najprej predstavili 6 različnih lestvic za ocenjevanje stopnje bolečine pri otroku, potem pa so predstavljeni še napotki v zvezi s pripravo otroka, izbiro besed, sprostitvijo otroka, pozitivnim samospodbujanjem, ustavitvijo misli in vedenjsko pogodbenim razmerjem. Zmožnost poslušanja, razumevanje otrokovih potreb, zmožnost vključevanja v proces zdravljenja, dopuščanje, da izrazijo svoja čustva, nudenje psihične podpore in sklepanje prijateljskega odnosa med pediatričnim pacientom in medicinsko sestro dokazano zmanjšuje stres in anksioznost pri bolečem posegu. Pomagajo jim pri sprejemanju zdravljenja in pri aktivnem sodelovanju v procesu zdravstvene nege. Razprava in zaključek: Otroci so prav tako kot odrasli individualne osebe z individualnimi potrebami in lastnostmi, ki vplivajo na potek njihovega zdravljenja in na njihovo vedenje med invazivnimi posegi. Zaradi posploševanja njihovih potreb in odzivov na invazivne posege, otroci dostikrat zamenjajo pomoč zdravstvenih delavcev za napad na njihov igriv svet, kar narekuje večjo potrebo po potrpežljivosti in razumevanju zdravstvenih delavcev.

Keywords

diplomska dela;zdravstvena nega;komunikacija;otroci;atravmatska zdravstvena nega;distrakcija v pediatrični zdravstveni negi;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UL ZF - University College of Health Studies
Publisher: [L. Strajnar]
UDC: 616-083
COBISS: 5472363 Link will open in a new window
Views: 1361
Downloads: 420
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Communication as an element of atraumatic pediatric nursing care
Secondary abstract: Introduction: Hospitalized children endure unnecessary pain during procedures which are necessary in order to diagnose and treat their illnesses. Stress and anxiety that children undergo during such procedures may affect their physical and psychological behavior. Purpose: Our aim was to present some practical instructions on how to communicate with children in the hospital environment. The purpose of the thesis is also to present communication as an atraumatic care method. We also wanted to present different pain assessing scales for easier use in pediatric wards. Methods: Descriptive method of writing was used in the thesis. A critical review of selected foreign and Slovenian literature was made. The literature search was carried out using PubMed, CINAHL, COCHRANE, ERIC, Google Scholar and other professional databases. Literature was also searched for using the Digital Library of the University of Ljubljana (DiKul) and several Slovenian libraries using COBIB.SI. Professional, original scientific articles and review papers were used. These documents are accessible throughout the entire thesis and published in reviewed scientific journals. Only the literature published between 2007 and 2017 was considered. Results: Painful procedures can have a strong influence on the course of children’s treatments. We also present 6 different pain assessing scales for use in the pediatric wards. Instructions regarding the preparation of the child, the choice of words, the release of the child, positive self-management, the stopping of thoughts and the behavioral contractual relationship are also presented in this chapter.The ability to listen, understand their needs, the ability to become involved in the process of healing, allow them to express their feelings, or offer psychological support in building a friendly relationship between a pediatric patient and a nurse have been shown to reduce stress and anxiety during painful procedures. It also helps them to be calm when receiving treatment and actively participate in the nursing process. Discussion and conclusion: Children as well as adults are individuals with individual needs and characteristics that influence the course of their treatment and their behavior during invasive procedures. Due to the generalization of their needs and responses to invasive interventions children often mistake the help of health workers for an attack on their playful world. That dictates a greater need for patience and understanding from health professionals.
Secondary keywords: diploma theses;nursing care;communication;children;atraumatic care;distraction in pediatric nursing care;
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme: 0
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Zdravstvena fak., Oddelek za zdravstveno nego
Pages: 29 str.
ID: 10957205