Imunoterapija alergijskih bolezni

diplomsko delo

Valentin Vogrinčič (Author), Mojca Narat (Mentor), Mojca Narat (Thesis defence commission member), Polona Jamnik (Thesis defence commission member), Jana Murovec (Thesis defence commission member)

Abstract

V industrijsko razvitem okolju alergije prizadanejo visok odstotek populacije, zato so pomembni pristopi k zdravljenju, ki poleg lajšanja simptomov spremenijo tudi imunski odziv in zavrejo napredovanje alergijskih bolezni. Te nastanejo kot nepravilen odziv na sicer neškodljive okoljske antigene. Takšen terapevtski in preventivni učinek ima imunoterapija. Imunoterapija zajema postopne in nadzorovane stike z alergenom v nizkih odmerkih, ki ne sprožijo sistemskih alergijskih reakcij in so terapevtsko učinkoviti. Pri tem se prilagodi imunski odziv k toleranci na alergen na vseh nivojih alergijskega odziva od začetnega odziva antigen predstavitvenih celic, limfocitov B in T do končnega odziva mastocitov in bazofilcev na alergen z zmanjšanjem njihove občutljivosti. Vrsta kliničnih študij potrjuje učinkovitost imunoterapije kratkoročno na nivoju sezonskih zmanjšanj simptomov in dolgoročno na nivoju imunskih sprememb več let po koncu terapije. Pri klasični imunoterapiji se uporabljajo ekstrakti alergenov, vse bolj pa se uveljavljajo rekombinatni alergeni in hipoalergeni zaradi nizke učinkovitosti in neželenih reakcij, ki se pojavijo med imunoterapijo z ekstrakti. Cilj rekombinantnih pristopov z genskim inženiringom je zmanjšanje alergenosti molekul in ohranitev ali celo povečanje njihove imunogenosti. Alergenost se zmanjša z kemijsko modifikacijo, polimerizacijo, fragmentacijo ali rekombinantno fuzijo alergenov, saj pride so spremembe konformacijskih oblik in tako tudi motenj v strukturi IgE epitopov alergenov.

Keywords

biotehnologija;preobčutljivostne reakcije tipa I;imunoterapija;hipoalergeni;peptidi alergena;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2018
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UL BF - Biotechnical Faculty
Publisher:	[V. Vogrinčič]
UDC:	606:57.083:602.68(043.2)
COBISS:	9065849
Views:	803
Downloads:	442
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Immunotherapy of allergic diseases
Secondary abstract:	Because in the industrialized world allergies afflict a high percentage of the population approaches to treatment are necessary that besides alleviating the symptoms also modify the immune reaction and curb the progression of allergies. Such therapeutic and preventive effect is a feature of immunotherapy. It is performed by repeated and controlled applications of the allergen in low doses without the risk for systemic reactions but with satisfactory therapeutic efficacy. Immunotherapy changes the immune reaction to tolerance to allergen on all the levels of the allergic response from the primary response of antigen presenting cells, B and T lymphocytes to the final inflammatory response of mastocytes and basophiles by reducing their sensitivity. Clinical studies confirm both the short-term efficacy associated with seasonal alleviation of symptoms and long-term efficacy based on immune changes many years after the end of therapy. Classical immnotherapy uses allergenic extracts but they are increasingly replaced by recombinant allergens and hypoallergens beacuse of low efficacy and risk of adverse reactions in treatment with extracts. Recombinant approaches with genetic engineering facilitate the reduction of allergenicity and preservation of immunogenicity of molecules. Alleregnicity can be reduced by chemical modification, allergen polymerization, fragmentation or recomabinant fusion with conformational distortion of IgE binding epitopes.
Secondary keywords:	biotechnology;type I hypresensitivity reactions;immunotherapy;hypoallergens;allergen peptides;
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme:	0
Embargo end date (OpenAIRE):	1970-01-01
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fak., Študij biotehnologije
Pages:	VI, 24 str., [2] str. pril.
ID:	10959161