Vpliv predobdelave piščančje stelje z glivami na proizvodnjo bioplina

diplomsko delo visokošolskega strokovnega študijskega programa I. stopnje

Maša Makovec (Author), Lidija Čuček (Mentor), Zdravko Kravanja (Co-mentor), Franc Pohleven (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Stelja iz piščančjega gnoja z žagovino je agroživilski ostanek, ki se lahko uporablja kot substrat za proizvodnjo bioplina. Agroživilski ostanki vsebujejo lignocelulozo, ki je težko biološko razgradljiva. Lignin kot sestavino lignoceluloznih materialov bakterije v procesu anaerobne digestije težko razgradijo. Z odstranitvijo lignina imajo bakterije dostop do hranil, hemiceluloze in celuloze in na ta način se proces mikrobiološke razgradnje olajša. Vsebnost lignina lahko zmanjšamo z različnimi metodami predobdelave. Namen diplomske naloge je ugotoviti ali predobdelava substrata z glivami izboljša donos bioplina in hkrati ugotoviti tudi učinkovitost procesa anaerobne digestije. Izvedli smo preraščanje stelje, ki vsebuje piščančji gnoj z žagovino z dvema vrstama gliv bele trohnobe, zimsko panjevko (Flammulina velutipes) in osmojeno bjerkandero (Bjerkandera adusta). Glivno predobdelavo smo izvedli tudi pri mešanicah, kjer smo piščančjemu gnoju z žagovino dodali še pšenično slamo v razmerju 60 % piščančjega gnoja z žagovino in 40 % pšenične slame. Eksperiment smo izvedli pri treh različnih časih preraščanja, in sicer po štirih, sedmih in desetih dneh. Izkazalo se je, da glivi slabo preraščata piščančji gnoj z žagovino, zimska panjevka pa slabo prerašča tudi mešanice z dodatkom slame. Za nadaljnji proces anaerobne digestije smo tako uporabili le mešanice iz 60 % piščančjega gnoja z žagovino in 40 % pšenične slame preraščene z glivo osmojeno bjerkandero. V proces smo vključili dobro in slabo preraščene mešanice pri treh časih preraščanja. Za kontrolo smo uporabili mešanice iz 60 % starega oz. svežega piščančjega gnoja z žagovino in 40 % pšenične slame. Zanimalo nas je tudi koliko bioplina nastane iz samega inokuluma. Spremljali smo dnevni volumen bioplina, sestavo bioplina in pH fermentacijskih mešanic. Rezultati kažejo, da je optimalni čas predobdelave za proizvodnjo bioplina in metana štiri dni. Bolje preraščene mešanice dosegajo boljše rezultate v primerjavi s slabo preraščenimi mešanicami samo ob prvem času preraščanja (po štirih dneh). Največ bioplina je proizvedla slabo preraščena mešanica, ki je bila deset dni izpostavljena delovanju osmojene bjerkandere. Največjo količino metana pa je proizvedla bolje preraščena mešanica, ki smo jo preraščali štiri dni. Ugotovili smo, da daje star piščančji gnoj večji donos bioplina in metana v primerjavi s svežim piščančjim gnojem.

Keywords

predobdelava lignoceluloze;glive bele trohnobe;biološka predobdelava;anaerobna digestija;proizvodnja bioplina;diplomske naloge;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2018
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UM FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Publisher:	[M. Makovec]
UDC:	662.767.2(043.2)
COBISS:	21967638
Views:	792
Downloads:	67
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
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Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	The impact of pretreatment of poultry bedding with fungi on biogas production
Secondary abstract:	Litter from chicken manure with sawdust is agro-residue that can be used as a substrate for biogas production. Agro-residues contain lignocellulose which is hardly biodegradable. Lignin as a component of lignocellulosic materials is difficult to be broken down by bacteria in anaerobic digestion process. By removing the lignin, bacteria have access to nutrients, hemicellulose and cellulose, and due to it microbiological decomposition process is facilitated. The content of lignin can be reduced by various pretreatment methods. The purpose of the thesis is to determine whether the fungal pretreatment of lignocellulosic substrate improves the biogas yield and the efficiency of the anaerobic digestion process. The diploma thesis investigates overgrowing of litter from chicken manure with sawdust with two types of white rot fungi, Flammulina velutipes and Bjerkandera adusta. Fungal pretreatment has also been performed for the mixtures of 60 % chicken manure with sawdust and 40 % wheat straw. The experiment was carried out at three different times of overgrowth, after four, seven and ten days. It was found that both fungi poorly grow over chicken manure with sawdust, while Flammulina velutipes also poorly grows over the mixtures where wheat straw was added. For further process of anaerobic digestion thus only mixtures of 60 % chicken manure with sawdust and 40 % wheat straw overgrown with fungi Bjerkandera adusta have been used. In the process well and poorly overgrown mixtures at three different times of overgrowth were included. For control the mixtures of 60 % of old or fresh chicken manure with sawdust and 40 % wheat straw were used. The amounts of biogas produced from the inoculum itself was also investigated. The daily volume of biogas, the composition of biogas, and the pH of the fermentation mixtures were monitored. The results show that the optimal pretreatment time for biogas and methane production is four days. Better overgrown mixtures achieved better results in comparison with poorly overgrown mixtures only at first pretreatment time (after four days). Most biogas was produced by poorly overgrown mixture that was exposed to fungi Bjerkandera adusta for ten days. The largest amount of methane was produced by a better overgrown mixture that was exposed to fungi Bjerkandera adusta for four days. It was found that old chicken manure gives higher yields of biogas and methane compared to fresh chicken manure.
Secondary keywords:	anaerobic digestion;biogas production;pretreatment of lignocellulose;pretreatment with organic solvent;pretreatment with hot water;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo
Pages:	XI, 34 str.
ID:	10959336