Pravni izzivi vozil brez voznikov v Evropski uniji

diplomsko delo

Sergeja Smogavec (Author), Janja Hojnik (Mentor)

Abstract

Diplomska naloga obravnava tematiko avtomatiziranih vozil, ki bodo spremenila transport, kot ga poznamo danes. Do leta 2020 bi naj bilo že mnogo avtomatiziranih vozil na naših cestah. Vozila brez voznika se zanašajo na GPS sistem, ki zaznava lokacijo vozila, laserje, ki zaznavajo okolico okoli sebe, ter podatke vozila, kot so hitrost, poraba goriva ter podobno. V praksi se uporablja veliko različnih poimenovanj avtomatiziranih vozil ter stopenj avtomatizacije, ki počasi ena za drugo vstopajo v naš sistem. Razvoj avtomatiziranih vozil se je začel s servitizacijo, kar pomeni, da produktu dodamo storitev, kar poveča vrednost samemu produktu. V diplomski nalogi ugotavljam, da je Evropska unija (odslej EU) začela posvečati ogromno časa ter sredstev v namene raziskovanja vpliva vozil na transport, okolje in ljudi. Cilj EU je tako imenovana »vizija nič«, kar pomeni nič smrtnih žrtev na cestah. Sčasoma naj bi se izoblikovala zavezujoča pravila na ravni EU, ki bodo omejevala avtonomijo držav članic. Najpomembnejša pravila, ki trenutno urejajo področje avtomatiziranih vozil v EU, pa so Amsterdamska deklaracija, Direktiva o zavarovanju motornih vozil in Direktiva o odgovornosti za proizvode, ki pa avtomatiziranih vozil ne urejajo neposredno. Za popolno ureditev področja avtomatiziranih vozil bi bilo potrebno enotno urejanje pravil za vstop vozil na svetovni trg, sprejeti enotna pravila kibernetske varnosti ter urediti področje odgovornosti v primer prometnih nesreč. Zunaj mej EU se razvoju nove tehnologije posvečata predvsem Japonska in Združene države Amerike (odslej ZDA). Japonska je razvila napredne ITS-sisteme, ki omogočajo delovanje povezanih vozil. Po tem zgledu tudi EU razvija sistema Galileo in C-ITS, ki naj bi služila istemu namenu. ZDA se je na drugi strani odločila za nezavezujoča pravila, postavljena s strani Uprave za varnost na avtocesti, kar je vodilo v raznoliko zakonodajo med državami, kjer nekatere celo ne dovolijo vožnje avtomatiziranih vozil, spet druge pa so postavile zavezujoča pravila glede njihovega vstopa na trg.

Keywords

avtomatizirano vozilo;Evropska unija;odgovornost;povezana vozila;kibernetska varnost;servitizacija;avtomatizacija;zakonodaja;spremembe;diplomska dela;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2018
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UM PF - Faculty of Law
Publisher:	[S. Smogavec]
UDC:	347.51:339.565(043.3)
COBISS:	5692971
Views:	1572
Downloads:	67
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Legal challenges of self-driving verhicles in European union
Secondary abstract:	The diploma paper deals with the subject of automated verhicle that will change transport as we know it today. Until 2020 there will be a lot of automated verhicle in our roads.. verhicles withaut driver rely on GPS sistem which detects location of verhicle, lasers, which detects surrrounding and data abaut speed,, gas and similar important things. We know a lot of diferent names for automated verhicles and diferent stages of automatization, which are slowley coming into our sistem. Development of automated verhicle begins with servitization, which means added value to the product. In the graduation thesis, i find that the European Union (hereinafter EU) has started to devote a huge amount of time and resources to explore the impact of vehicles on transport, the environment and people. The EU's objective is the so-called "zero vision", which means no fatalities on the roads. It will set binding rules that will limit the freedom of Member States. The most important rules currently regulating the field of automated vehicles in EU are: the Amsterdam Declaration, the Motor Vehicle Insurance Directive and the Product Liability Directive, which do not directly regulate automated verhicles. In order to fully regulate the areas of automated verhicles, the rules for the entry of verhicles into the world market should be uniformly regulated, uniform rules for cyber security should be adopted and also the area of responsibility in the event of road accidents. Outside the borders of the EU, Japan and the United States of America (hereinafter USA) focus on the development of the new technology. Japan has developed advanced ITS systems that allow the operation of connected vehicles. Following this example, the EU is developing the Galileo and C-ITS system, which will serve the same purpose. The US, on the other hand, opted for non-binding rules set up by the National highway traffic safety administration, which led to a diversity of legislation between countries where some do not even allow the driving of automated vehicles, others have laid down binding rules regarding their entry into the market.
Secondary keywords:	Automated vehicle;European Union;liability;connected vehicles;cyber security;servitization;automatization;legislation;changes.;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Pravna fak.
Pages:	29 f.
ID:	10960700