diplomsko delo
Ivana Kamnikar (Author), Vedran Hadžić (Reviewer), Matej Majerič (Mentor)

Abstract

Mišice stabilizatorjev trupa so ene najbolj pomembnih mišic našega telesa. Brez njih bi bila naša hrbtenica nestabilna in ne bi bili sposobni izvajanja vsakodnevnih opravil. Kronične poškodbe hrbtenice so najpogosteje posledica porušenega delovanja vključenih mišičnih skupin. Tovrstne poškodbe se pri ljudeh pojavljajo v vseh življenjskih obdobjih, pogoste pa so tudi pri športnikih. Značilnost teh poškodb je obraba medvretenčnih ploščic hrbtenice, kar je največkrat posledica delovanja nesorazmernih sil. Za razumevanje nastanka teh poškodb smo v uvodu najprej obravnavali mišice trupa, še posebej globalne in lokalne stabilizatorje. Te mišice so pomembne za stabilizacijo hrbtenice, togost, dinamičnost gibanja, varnost in učinkovitost gibanja. Obremenitve na človekovo telo se pojavljajo med vsakdanjimi opravili in gibanji. Pri športnih aktivnostih so obremenitve lokomotornega sistema še posebej velike. V primeru, da mišice trupa pri teh aktivnostih ne opravljajo optimalno svoje funkcije, pride do slabe stabilizacije telesa, zato je možnost nastanka poškodb večja. Pri načrtni in sodobni pripravi športnikov je treba ta dejstva upoštevati in zato pri njih v pripravljalnem obdobju razviti dobro stabilizacijo trupa. Pa tudi sicer tega ne smemo zanemariti v nobenem obdobju treninga, zato je smiselno ves čas izvajati preventivne krepilne in raztezne gimnastične vaje. S temi vajami poskrbimo za skladno delovanje vseh mišičnih skupin, še posebej tudi lokalnih in globalnih stabilizatorjev. V procesu načrtne vadbe pri izvajanju preventivnih gimnastičnih upoštevamo načelo postopnosti, kar pomeni, da vadeče najprej naučimo osnovnih vaj, pri katerih jih naučimo gibalnega vzorca za ustrezno stabilizacijo, nato pa izvajamo zahtevnejše vaje v oteženih različicah. Pri tem pogosto uporabljamo tudi različne pripomočke. Zaradi vseh naštetih dejstev smo v jedru predstavili preventivni program za stabilizatorje trupa, saj menimo, da le na tak način lahko v športu poskrbimo za optimalno izvedbo gibanja in preprečujemo nastanek poškodb. Diplomsko delo je uporabno za vse, ki želijo z načrtno in sistematično pripravo športnikov poskrbeti, da bo v njihovi karieri čim manj poškodb.

Keywords

šport;anatomska zgradba trupa;poškodbe;bolečine;trup;nepravilnosti telesne drže;preventiva;gimnastične vaje;stabilizatorji trupa;hrbtenica;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UL FŠ - Faculty of Sport
Publisher: [I. Kamnikar]
UDC: 796:616-001
COBISS: 5434289 Link will open in a new window
Views: 1117
Downloads: 512
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: PREVENTION OF INJURIES AND SELECTION OF CERTAIN STRENGTHENING GYMNASTIC EXERCISES FOR CORE STABILITY MUSCLES
Secondary abstract: The core stability muscles are one of the most important muscles in our body. Without them, our backbone would be unstable and we would not be able to carry out everyday tasks. Chronic spinal injuries are most often the result of the disrupted activity of the muscle groups involved. These injuries occur in humans at all stages of life, and are also common in athletes. The characteristic of these injuries is the wear of the intervertebral discs, which is often the result of disproportionate forces. In order to understand the occurrence of these injuries, we first discussed the core muscles, especially global and local stabilizers. These muscles are important for the stabilization of the spine, stiffness, dynamics of movement, safety and effectiveness of movement. Loads on the human body occur during everyday tasks and movements. In sports activities, the strain on the locomotor system is particularly high. In the event that the core muscles do not optimally perform their functions during these activities, the poor body stabilization results in a higher incidence of injuries. These facts must be considered when preparing athletes in a premeditated and modern way, and, therefore, a good core stabilization should be developed during the preparatory period. Actually, this is not to be neglected during any period of training, therefore it is reasonable to carry out preventive, strengthening and stretching gymnastic exercises all the time. With these exercises we take care of the coherent functioning of all muscle groups, especially local and global stabilizers. In the process of premeditated exercise during the implementation of preventive gymnastics, the principle of gradual increase should be taken into account, which means that, first, the basic exercises should be learned during which the athletes learn the motive pattern for proper stabilization, and then they are taught to perform more demanding exercises in more difficult variations. In this case, often various tools are used. Due to all of the above facts, we have presented a preventive program for core stabilizers, because we believe that this is the only way we can take care of optimal motion during sports and prevent the occurrence of injuries. The thesis is useful for all of those who want to premeditatedly and systematically prepare athletes and ensure that injuries during their careers remain minimal.
Secondary keywords: core stability muscles;prevention;injuries;strengthening gymnastic exercises;
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme: 0
Embargo end date (OpenAIRE): 1970-01-01
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Fak. za šport
ID: 10961186