magistrsko delo
Nika Rupel (Author), Slavko Kocijančič (Mentor), David Rihtaršič (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Elektronika je v veliki meri povezana z razvojem na področju tehnologije in posledično družbe. Do razvoja je prišlo tudi na samem področju elektronike. Poleg ožičene se vedno pogosteje uporablja tudi programirljiva elektronika. Iz pregledane literature je razvidno, da so na fakultetah in srednjih poklicnih šolah program že pričeli prilagajati razvoju in so v poučevanje vključili tudi programirljivo elektroniko. Na osnovnih šolah pa učni načrti, povezani s področjem elektronike, niso bili posodobljeni vse od leta 2005. Gre za izbirne predmete, ki niso del obveznega kurikuluma in se le redko izvajajo. Iz literature smo ugotovili tudi, da je v Sloveniji na voljo kar nekaj tekmovanj, ki so povezana s področjem elektronike, vendar se jih udeležuje malo učencev. Vključitev programirljive elektronike v osnovno šolo bi lahko motivacijsko vplivala tako na učence kot učitelje. V teoretičnem delu je predstavljeno tudi nekaj osnov o odprtokodnem programirljivem elektronskem okolju Arduino. Slednje je primerno tudi za učence v osnovnih šolah in je prosto dostopno. Pri poučevanju elektronike je pomembno, da učitelj smiselno povezuje ožičeno in programirljivo elektroniko. Pri poučevanju in učenju elektronike je priporočena uporaba induktivnih pristopov, kot je na primer model izkustvenega učenja, saj gre za specifično področje, ki ga je potrebno dobro razumeti. Pri izkustvenem učenju je večji delež aktivnosti na učencih, ki se učijo iz lastnih izkušenj in z evalvacijo le-teh gradijo nova znanja. Izkušnje so imele tudi v preteklosti velik pomen za učenje. Glavni namen magistrskega dela je spodbuditi učitelje k poučevanju elektronike in učence k učenju le-te. Iz tega razloga smo oblikovali dve učni gradivi z didaktičnimi priporočili. Učno gradivo 1 je primerno za začetno učenje in poučevanje elektronike v obsegu 10 šolskih ur, Učno gradivo 2 pa v obsegu 35 šolskih ur. Obe gradivi sta bili uporabljeni, prvo na tehniških dnevih na šestih osnovnih šolah v Ljubljani, drugo pa na Poletni šoli elektronike in robotike 2018. Obe izvedbi temeljita na učnem modelu izkustvenega učenja, vendar je vloga učitelja pri izvedbi drugega gradiva opazno manjša kot izvedbi prvega gradiva. Pri izvedbah se prepletata ožičena in programirljiva elektronika. Izvedbi smo tudi analizirali in ugotovili, da so učenci pozitivno naravnani do področja elektronike in da sta jim bili obe izvedbi všeč. Da bi pridobili čimbolj podrobno mnenje učencev o področju elektronike in izvedbi delavnic na poletni šoli, smo z njimi opravili še polstrukturirani intervju. Raziskava bi lahko spodbudila učitelje k izvajanju predmetov, ki se navezujejo na elektroniko, ter uporabi induktivnih pristopov in učnega modela z izkustvenim učenjem.

Keywords

poletna šola elektronike in robotike;tehniški dan;tehnika in tehnologija;odprtokodno razvojno okolje Arduino;izkustveno učenje;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization: UL PEF - Faculty of Education
Publisher: [N. Rupel]
UDC: 62:373.3(043.2)
COBISS: 12232521 Link will open in a new window
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Downloads: 105
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Early learning of electronics supported by the Arduino platform
Secondary abstract: Electronics is strongly correlated with the technology development and the society. Development has also occurred in the field of electronics itself. In addition to the wired electronics, programmable electronics are increasingly used today. Literature review shows that at the universities and secondary vocational schools the program has already begun to adapt to the development and has included the programmable electronics in the teaching programs. However, in elementary schools, the curricula related to the field of electronics have not been updated since 2005. Electronics are covered in elective courses that are not part of the mandatory curriculum and are rarely implemented in schools. We identified quite a few competitions in Slovenia that are related to the field of electronics, but are attended only by a few students. The inclusion of programmable electronics in the elementary schools could have a motivating effect on both pupils and teachers. The theoretical part of the thesis presents some of the basics of the Arduino platform, which is an open-source electronics platform based on the easy-to-use hardware and software. The Arduino platform is also suitable for pupils in elementary schools and is freely accessible. In teaching electronics, it is important that the teacher connects wired and programmable electronics sensibly. It is furthermore recommended to use inductive approaches such as the experiential learning model since electronics is a specific field that needs to be well understood. In the experiential learning, pupils are mainly learning from their own experience and are developing new knowledge. Experience has also had a great importance in the history of learning. The main purpose of the thesis is to encourage teachers to teach electronics and students to learn it. We have created two teaching study materials with didactic recommendations. Study material 1 is suitable for early learning and teaching of electronics in the range of 10 school hours, and Study material 2 in the range of 35 school hours. Both study materials were executed, the first on technical days in the elementary schools in Ljubljana and the second at the Summer School of Electronics and Robotics 2018. Both executions were based on the experiential learning model, but the role of the teacher in the implementation of the Study material 2 is noticeably smaller. Wiring and programmable electronics are intertwined in the execution of both study materials. We analyzed the results and found that the pupils were positively oriented to the field of electronics and that they enjoyed the execution of both study materials. In order to obtain the most detailed student opinion about the field of electronics and the execution of study materials at the summer school, we conducted a semi-structured interview with the students.. The research could encourage teachers to carry out electronics-related subjects and to use inductive approaches and learning models with experiential learning.
Secondary keywords: primary education;electronics;osnovnošolski pouk;elektronika;
File type: application/pdf
Type (COBISS): Master's thesis/paper
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Pedagoška fak., Poučevanje, Predmetno poučevanje
Pages: VI, 70 str., [20] str. pril.
ID: 10991272