magistrsko delo
Nika Kikelj (Author), Erna Žgur (Mentor), Janez Jerman (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Magistrsko delo raziskuje, kako odrasle osebe z zmernimi motnjami v duševnem razvoju ocenjujejo svojo kvaliteto življenja. Kvaliteta življenja je večdimenzionalen pojav, ki zajema različna področja, vsaka oseba pa drugače ocenjuje njihov pomen in pomembnost. Kako osebe z zmernimi motnjami v duševnem razvoju ocenjujejo svojo kvaliteto življenja, je odvisno tudi od tega, kje živijo. Dandanes so na državni ravni organizirane različne oblike bivanja za osebe z motnjami v duševnem razvoju. Nekatere spodbujajo visoko stopnjo samostojnosti in neodvisnosti ter sledijo časovnemu napredku s procesi deinstitucionalizacije ter normalizacije življenja oseb z motnjami v duševnem razvoju. Nekatere druge oblike bivanja za tem še vedno malce zaostajajo, vendar se kljub temu trudijo vzdrževati dobro kvaliteto bivanja. V magistrskem delu sem se osredotočila na primerjavo kvalitete življenja oseb z zmernimi motnjami v duševnem razvoju glede na tri oblike bivanja: socialnovarstveni zavod, bivalno skupnost in bivanje doma v lastni družini. V socialnovarstvenih zavodih biva veliko število ljudi. Stopnja normalizacije je tam majhna, prav tako so velikokrat locirani na obrobje mest. Kljub temu takšni zavodi ponujajo veliko storitev ter dejavnosti, kjer lahko stanovalci koristno izrabijo svoj čas. Bivalne skupnosti so nastanitve manjšega števila ljudi v hišah ali stanovanjih. Praviloma so nameščene v običajno okolje. Nekatere osebe z zmernimi motnjami v duševnem razvoju tudi v odrasli dobi živijo doma pri družini, kar ima lahko tako pozitivne (občutek sprejetosti, varnosti) kot tudi negativne učinke (pretirana zaščita, nesamostojnost). V raziskavo je bilo vključenih 90 oseb z zmernimi motnjami v duševnem razvoju, starih med 25 in 64 let. Razlikovala sem jih glede na kraj bivanja: 30 jih je živelo v socialnovarstvenih zavodih, 30 v bivalnih skupnostih ter 30 doma v lastni družini. Glede na kraj bivanja sem primerjala, kako osebe doživljajo svojo kvaliteto življenja na štirih področjih: splošno zadovoljstvo z življenjem, usvojene kompetence, znanja in ocena produktivnosti, stopnja omogočene samostojnosti in ocena socialne vključenosti. Ugotovila sem, da se pri vseh področjih pojavljajo statistično pomembne razlike med kraji bivanja. Rezultati raziskave so pokazali, da so osebe, ki bivajo v bivalni skupnosti ali doma, področji splošnega zadovoljstva z življenjem in samostojnosti ocenile pomembno bolje kot tiste, ki bivajo v socialnovarstvenem zavodu, medtem ko se med bivanjem doma ali v bivalni skupnosti niso pokazale pomembne razlike. Na področjih produktivnosti, usvojenih znanj in kompetenc ter socialne vključenosti pa se je izkazalo, da so osebe, ki živijo v bivalni skupnosti, izkazale pomembno boljšo kvaliteto življenja kot tiste, ki bivajo doma ali socialnovarstvenem zavodu. Prav tako so se na področjih produktivnosti, usvojenih znanj in kompetenc ter socialne vključenosti pokazale statistično pomembne razlike med tistimi, ki bivajo v socialnovarstvenem zavodu, in tistimi, ki bivajo doma – ti so na obeh področjih poročali o zadovoljivejši kvaliteti življenja. Moj cilj raziskave je bil ugotoviti razliko v percepciji kvalitete življenja na omenjenih štirih področjih. Na osnovi dobljenih rezultatov je bil moj namen sestaviti nekaj smernic, ki bi staršem, zaposlenim in vsem, ki se ukvarjajo z osebami z zmernimi motnjami v duševnem razvoju, dale nekaj idej, nasvetov oz. predlogov, kako lahko še izboljšamo njihovo kvaliteto življenja na raziskovanih področjih.

Keywords

zmerne motnje v duševnem razvoju;kvaliteta življenja;socialno varstveni zavod;bivalna skupnost;bivanje v lastni družini;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization: UL PEF - Faculty of Education
Publisher: [N. Kikelj]
UDC: 376(043.2)
COBISS: 12310601 Link will open in a new window
Views: 550
Downloads: 92
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Subjective assessment of the quality of life of adults with moderate intellectual disabilities
Secondary abstract: The master's thesis explores how adults with moderate intellectual disabilities evaluate their quality of life. The quality of life is a multidimensional phenomenon, which covers eight different areas, and each person assesses their significance and importance differently. How people with moderate intellectual disabilities evaluate their quality of life also depends on where they live. Today, there are quite a few different forms of living organized for people with intellectual disabilities on a state level. Some promote a high degree of autonomy and independence, and keep track of the processes of deinstitutionalization and normalization of the lives of people with intellectual disabilities. Other forms of living are still lagging behind, but they nevertheless try to maintain a good quality of life. In my master's thesis, I focused on comparing the quality of life of people with moderate intellectual disabilities in relation to three forms of living: the social care institution, the group home and living at home with their own family. There is a large number of people in social care institutions. The degree of normalization is small there and they are often located on the outskirts of towns. Nevertheless, such institutions offer many services and activities where residents can make use of their time. Group homes consist of a smaller number of people in houses or apartments. They are usually located on the inside of towns. Some people with moderate intellectual disabilities, even in adulthood, live at home with their family, which can have positive (feeling of acceptance, safety) as well as negative effects (excessive protection, lack of independence). The study included 90 people with moderate intellectual disabilities aged between 25 and 64 years. I distinguished them according to their place of residence: 30 of them were living in social care institutions, 30 of them in group homes and 30 of them at home with their own family. Regarding the place of residence, I compared how people experience their quality of life in four areas: overall satisfaction with life, adopted knowledge and competences and productivity assessment, degree of independence and social inclusion assessment. I have found that statistically significant differences between places of residence occur in all areas. The results of the survey showed that persons living in a group home or at home rated the general satisfaction with life and autonomy significantly better than those living in a social care institution, while there was no significant difference between living in a group home or at home. In the areas of productivity, acquired knowledge and competences and social inclusion it has turned out, that people living in a group home have shown significantly better quality of life than those who live at home or in a social care institution. Similarly, in the areas of productivity, acquired knowledge and competences and social inclusion, statistically significant differences occur between those living in a social care institution and those staying at home – they have reported of a more satisfactory quality of life. My aim was to determine the difference in the perception of quality of life in the four areas mentioned above. Based on the results of the research my intention was to present some guidelines that would give some ideas, advice or suggestions to parents, employees and all those who are involved in dealing with people with moderate intellectual disabilities on how we can further improve their quality of life on the researched areas.
Secondary keywords: mental handicap;adult;motnje v duševnem razvoju;odrasli;
File type: application/pdf
Type (COBISS): Master's thesis/paper
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Pedagoška fak., Specialna in rehabilitacijska pedagogika, Posebne razvojne in učne težave
Pages: 87 str.
ID: 11008604