diplomsko delo
Maja Jamnik (Author), Nina Hiti (Reviewer), Mojca Divjak (Mentor)

Abstract

Uvod: Debelost je opredeljena kot nenormalno ali prekomerno kopičenje maščobe v telesu, ki lahko škoduje zdravju. Indeks telesne mase se najpogosteje uporablja za ugotavljanje debelosti. Zunanji dejavniki, kot so prehranske navade, telesna dejavnost in metabolizem, najbolj prispevajo k debelosti. Splošno pravilo pravi, da je odvečna telesna maščoba rezultat dolgotrajnega neravnovesja med vnosom in porabo energije. Telesna dejavnost ima pomembno vlogo pri telesnem, psihosocialnem in duševnem razvoju pri otrocih. Prav tako pomembno vpliva na razvoj motoričnih sposobnosti, kar je uporabno v kasnejšem odraslem življenju. Pogosto navajane zdravstvene koristi telesne dejavnosti pri mladostnikih vključujejo preprečevanje debelosti, izboljšanje zdravja okostja, okrepljeno srčno in pljučno funkcijo ter večje psihosocialno zdravje. Idealni scenarij za mladostnike bi bil vzpostavitev zdravega načina življenja v otroštvu in njegovo nadaljevanje z izvajanjem telesne dejavnosti v odraslem življenju. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je na osnovi pregleda tuje in slovenske strokovne ter znanstvene literature ugotoviti vpliv telesne dejavnosti na znižanje indeksa telesne mase pri debelih mladostnikih. Metode dela: Za iskanje literature so bile uporabljene podatkovne baze PubMed, Google učenjak ter PEDro. Iskanje v elektronskih bazah smo omejili na zadetke, ki so zajemali celotno besedilo. Vključitveni dejavniki so bili: zdravi, debeli mladostniki, intervencija s telesno dejavnostjo, javno dostopni članki. Izključitveni dejavniki so bili: mladostniki z zdravstvenimi težavami. Uporabili smo literaturo, ki je bila objavljena med letoma 2012 in 2018. Rezultati: Med iskanjem literature je bilo pregledanih 32 raziskav, od teh je bilo za namen diplomskega dela izbranih pet. Rezultati kažejo na zmanjšanje indeksa telesne mase pri uporabi kombinirane vadbe v primerjavi z aerobno vadbo ali vadbo proti uporu. Z vadbo proti uporu pa lahko dosežemo boljše rezultate v znižanju indeksa telesne mase kot z aerobno vadbo. Razprava in zaključek: Izvajanje telesne dejavnosti različno vpliva na zmanjšanje telesne teže in indeksa telesne mase, saj so učinki odvisni od tipa telesne dejavnosti, njene intenzivnosti in pogostosti. Dokazi kažejo, da ima kakršnakoli telesna dejavnost pozitivne učinke na zdravje in telesno kompozicijo. Telesna dejavnost v obliki vadbe, kot je aerobna vadba ali vadba proti uporu, lahko pripomore k še boljšim rezultatom za zmanjšanje telesne teže in indeksa telesne mase. Kombinirana vadba sicer kaže najboljše rezultate, vendar je pomembno, da čas in intenzivnost vadbe nista pretirana, saj lahko to vodi v pomanjkanje motivacije za nadaljevanje. Pri otrocih in mladostnikih je pomembno, da jim starši in šola dajejo pravilen zgled ter jim nudijo priložnosti in motivacijo za zdrav in aktiven način življenja.

Keywords

diplomska dela;fizioterapija;zdravje;aerobna vadba;vadba proti uporu;mladostniki;zdrav način življenja;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UL ZF - University College of Health Studies
Publisher: [M. Jamnik]
UDC: 615.8
COBISS: 5598827 Link will open in a new window
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Downloads: 297
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Influence of physical activity on body mass index reduction in overweight adolescents
Secondary abstract: Introduction: Obesity is defined as an abnormal or excessive build-up of body fat that may be harmful to health. Body mass index is most commonly used for diagnosing obesity. External factors such as diet, physical activity and metabolic state significantly contribute to obesity. General rule states that excessive body fat is the result of a long-term imbalance between the input and output of energy. Physical activity plays an important part in the physical, psychosocial and mental development of children. It also significantly affects the development of motor skills that are utilized especially in adulthood. Frequently referenced benefits of adolescents' physical activity include prevention of obesity, improvement of skeletal health, strengthening of heart and lung function as well as better psychosocial health. Ideally, all adolescents would adopt a healthy lifestyle in their childhood and continue with physical activity as adults. Purpose: The purpose of the bachelor's thesis is to determine, through a literature review of foreign and Slovenian articles and papers, the effect of the physical activity on lowering the body mass index in overweight adolescents. Methods: Databases PubMed, Google Scholar and PEDro were used to obtain suitable literature. We limited the electronic database search to hits that included full text. Inclusion factors were: healthy, obese adolescents, intervention through physical activity, publicly accessible articles. Exclusion factor was: adolescents with health issues. We used literature published between 2012 and 2018. Results: 32 pieces of research were reviewed in the course of literature review, of which five were chosen for the bachelor’s thesis. Main results indicate a decrease in BMI when using combined exercise compared to aerobic exercise or resistance exercise. Resistance exercise yields results considering the lowering of body mass index than aerobic exercise. Discussion and Conclusion: Physical activity can have different effects on the reduction of excess body weight and the lowering of body mass index, as effects depend on the type of physical activity, its intensity, and frequency. Evidence suggests that any physical activity has positive effects on health and body composition. Adding physical activity in the form of exercise, such as aerobic or resistance exercise, can contribute to even better results regarding losing weight and lowering of body mass index. Combined exercise gives the best results, but it is important that time and intensity of training are not excessive, as this may lead to a lack of motivation to persist. In children and adolescents the influence of parents and school is important as they need to set the right example and provide opportunities and motivation for a healthy and active lifestyle.
Secondary keywords: diploma theses;physiotherapy;health;aerobic exerices;resistance exercises;youth;healthy lifestyle;
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme: 0
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Zdravstvena fak., Oddelek za fizioterapijo
Pages: 26 str.
ID: 11085281