diplomsko delo
Ula Bonajo (Author), Franci Aco Celar (Mentor)

Abstract

Biotično varstvo rastlin ima danes vse večji pomen pri zatiranju škodljivih organizmov, saj je v porastu ekološko kmetijstvo in integrirana pridelava rastlin, kar zmanjšuje uporabo kemičnih fitofarmacevtskih sredstev (FFS). Ena izmed alternativnih možnosti za zatiranje škodljivih organizmov so tudi entomopatogene glive, ki povzročajo bolezni in smrt žuželk. Takšno lastnost imajo glive iz 90 rodov. Med najbolj preučene glive štejemo rod Metarhizium Sorokin, ki ga uvrščamo v red Hypocreales. Zanje je značilno, da živijo v rizosferi, poleg korenin. Glive so sestavljene iz hif, ki se širijo v micelij in povzročajo bolezni (mikoze) na škodljivcih. Posebnost entomopatogenih gliv je, da okužujejo gostitelje skozi njihovo kutikulo in ne skozi prebavni trakt, kot je to značilno za vse druge patogene. Posledično lahko entomopatogene glive okužijo veliko število škodljivih organizmov, tako odrasle žuželke, kot tudi bube in ličinke. Vprašanje je, ali bodo biotični pripravki, kdaj prevzeli mesto pred kemičnimi FFS. Glive so živi organizmi in na njih močno vplivajo biotski in abiotski dejavniki ter tudi njihovo počasno delovanje in visoki stroški proizvodnje zvišajo ceno pripravkov. Vendar pa je pri tem potrebno upoštevati prednosti, ki jih prinašajo varnost uporabe, višja okoljska sprejemljivost in manjša verjetnost razvoja odpornosti škodljivih organizmov. Z njihovo uporabo se zmanjšujejo ostanki FFS na sadju, zelenjavi in drugih pridelkih ter povečuje aktivnost drugih naravnih sovražnikov.

Keywords

entomopatogene glive;Metarhizium spp.;biotično varstvo;mikoinsekticidi;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UL BF - Biotechnical Faculty
Publisher: [U. Bonajo]
UDC: 632.937.14:632.951(043.2)
COBISS: 9229945 Link will open in a new window
Views: 667
Downloads: 162
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Entomopathogenic fungi from the genus Metarhizium Sorokin and their usage in biological control
Secondary abstract: Because of the increase of organic farming and consequently lower needs for the usage chemical plant protection products (PPP), biological control agents are becoming more and more important for suppressing agricultural pests. One of the alternatives are entomopathogenic fungus, which cause diseases and death of insects. That feature have fungi of 90 genus. The most studied is genus Metarhizium Sorokin, that belong to the order Hypocreales. They are found in the rhizosphere, surrounding the roots. Fungus is made out of hyphae, that spread into mycelium and cause diseases in insects. The special ability of entomopathogenic fungus is that they infect through the host cuticle and not trough digestive system, like all the other pathogens. As a consequence, entomopathogenic fungus can infect larger number of hosts, such as adult insect, pupa and larva. The crucial question is, if the biological control agents will ever replace the chemical PPP? Fungus are alive organisms, so they are strongly affected by biotic and abiotic circumstances. Also their slow efficiency and higher asking price than chemical PPP, furthermore decrease the interest on the market. However, it is necessary to take into account the benefits of using safety, higher environmental acceptability and a less likely development of resistance to harmful organisms. With their usage we can avoid traces from chemical PPP on the fruit, vegetable and other crops and increase activity of other natural enemies.
Secondary keywords: entomopathogenic fungi;biological control;mycoinsecticides;
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme: 0
Embargo end date (OpenAIRE): 1970-01-01
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fak., Oddelek za agronomijo
Pages: VI, 18 str.
ID: 11145040