Secondary abstract: |
In this diploma thesis a development of inclusions in manufacture of wear-resistant steels is presented, as well as their influence on the final mechanical properties of a material.
Wear-resistant steels are mainly used in the vital parts of machines for processing and transport of soil and ore, agriculture, asphalt production etc. Therefore, a good abrasion resistance and welding properties are required. The chosen chemical composition, plastic rolling sequence and heat treatment enable a full functionality of steel with good toughness at low temperatures and a range of hardness from 250 to 600 HB.
Thus, due to their purpose, they must combine the exclusive properties of each other - high hardness and good bending ability - bendability. The first can be provided with a suitable level of alloying elements and properly guided hot processing (hot rolling) and heat treatment. The second is largely dependent on the micro-purity of steel, which is influenced by processes in the field of secondary metallurgy.
The experimental part describes the process of sampling and sample preparation, analysis with the optical and light microscope. Procedures regarding the Brinell hardness test and the Charpy Impact test are described.
In the metallographic analysis, it was found that the microstructure of the HB 400 steel is composed mainly of martensite and, in small quantities, bainite, which has been transformed from austenite. On positive bands, coarse TiN0,0 appear, which may be potential sites for the formation of a microcracks. By controlling the solubility product [Ti][N] and the solidus temperature, the elimination of coarse TiNs can be limited.
Finally, the ternary diagrams Ti-N-B and Nb-Ti-C are presented along with the composition oft he present nitrides / carbo-nitrides within achieved solubility product [Ti][N]. In the case of insufficient argon stirring of the melt with argon and / or the excess of solubility product obtained [Ti][N], the existence of primary nitrides (TiN) is confirmed already above the liquidus temperature. |