magistrsko delo
Eva Slapšak (Author), Tjaša Filipčič (Mentor)

Abstract

Razvijanje gibalne učinkovitosti je zelo pomembno predvsem v predšolskem obdobju, v katerem otroci usvajajo temeljne gibalne spretnosti, ki so osnova za celoten nadaljnji razvoj. Hipotonija, ki je posledica številnih prirojenih ali pridobljenih motenj in okvar živčevja, pomembno vpliva na gibalni razvoj otrok. Hipotoni otroci imajo pogosto zmanjšano moč mišic, prekomerno gibljive sklepe in so pogosto manj vzdržljivi. Posledica je slabša drža in oteženo doseganje razvojnih mejnikov, predvsem na področju grobe in fine motorike. Za gibalne dejavnosti so manj motivirani, pogosto se jim raje izognejo. Specialni in rehabilitacijski pedagog mora pri svojem delu načrtovati individualiziran program pomoči, ki bo otroku pomagal razvijati gibalne spretnosti in sposobnosti. Ustrezna intervencija in sistematičen pristop za spodbujanje gibalnega razvoja sta ključna za optimalen napredek otroka, pri katerem opazimo hipotonijo, in pripomoreta h kakovostnejšemu vključevanju otroka v okolje in izboljšata kvaliteto njegovega življenja. V študiji primera smo z analizo obstoječih poročil, strokovne dokumentacije in oceno gibalne kompetentnosti z Vprašalnikom ABC gibanja 2 raziskali značilnosti funkcioniranja petletnega dečka s hipotonijo, ki je usmerjen kot lažje gibalno oviran otrok. Pred oblikovanjem individualiziranega programa za razvoj spretnosti in sposobnosti gibanja smo dečka ocenili z inštrumentarijem za oceno gibanja ABC gibanja 2 in ugotovili, da ima pomembne primanjkljaje na področju grobe in fine motorike. Glede na ugotovitve smo oblikovali program pomoči, zasnovan po programu »Animal Fun«, ki omogoča sistematično razvijanje gibanja. Desettedenski program smo izvajali štirikrat tedensko po pol ure. Ob koncu raziskave smo s ponovnim ocenjevanjem gibanja z inštrumentarijem ABC gibanja 2 ugotovili, da je deček napredoval na vseh področjih merjenja. Izboljšal je spretnost rok, ciljanja in lovljenja ter statično in dinamično ravnotežje. Ob spremljanju kvalitete gibanja smo opazili, da se je pri dečku izboljšala kakovost gibanja, vztrajnost in motivacija za gibalne dejavnosti.

Keywords

hipotonija;dodatna strokovna pomoč;program Animal Fun,;ABC gibanja 2;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization: UL PEF - Faculty of Education
Publisher: [E. Slapšak]
UDC: 376:616.8-009.16(043.2)
COBISS: 12433993 Link will open in a new window
Views: 561
Downloads: 95
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Development of motor skills and abilities of a child with hypotonia in special education classes
Secondary abstract: The development of movement efficiency is of utmost importance in the preschool period, in which children adopt basic motor skills that are a foundation of a wholesome future development. Hypotonia, which can be the consequence of a plethora of inborn or obtained neurological defects and disorders, is an important factor in the development of motor skills in young children. Children that are afflicted by such condition often have decreased muscle strength and hypermobile joints and tend to be less endurant. Any combination of these symptoms can lead to bad posture and harder achievement of development milestones, especially the ones connected to gross and fine motor skills. They tend to be less motivated to participate in activities that involve movement, avoiding them if an opportunity arises. When working with such children, the teacher of special education needs to develop an individualized program, that helps the child develop motor skills and abilities. Appropriate and timely intervention combined with a systematic approach for encouraging movement development are key factors for maximum progress of children diagnosed with hypotonia and can help such children improve their quality of life and ease their integration with their environment. In the case study, the characteristics of a five year old boy diagnosed with hypotonia were researched, using the analysis of the existing data, professional documentation and evaluation of his motor capabilities, for which a questionnaire Movement ABC 2 Checklist was employed. Before forming an individualized program for development of motor skills and abilities, the boy was also evaluated using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC - 2). The conclusion was, that he has significant motor difficulties in the fine and gross motor skills area. Accordingly, an individual program was formed, based on the program »Animal Fun«, that can help with sistematic movement development. The ten week program was practiced four times weekly, half an hour per session. After the ten weeks, the evaluation using MABC - 2 was repeated. The boy showed progress in all the categories of the evaluation. His manual dexterity, aim, catching capabilities and static and dynamic balance improved significantly. The overall quality of his movement improved, his endurance increased and he was now more eager to engage in activities, that involve movement.
Secondary keywords: motor development;backward child;gibalni razvoj;otrok s posebnimi potrebami;
File type: application/pdf
Type (COBISS): Master's thesis/paper
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Pedagoška fak., Specialna in rehabilitacijska pedagogika, Posebne razvojne in učne težave
Pages: 131 str.
ID: 11148109