doktorska disertacija
Renata Debeljak (Author), Jožica Čeh Steger (Mentor)

Abstract

V doktorski disertaciji z naslovom Potrčevo pripovedništvo v kontekstu ideoloških, družbenih in političnih sprememb je obravnavana pripovedna proza enega najvidnejših predstavnikov slovenskega socialnega realizma, ki je od dijaških let naprej in vse do konca svojega življenja verjel v socializem in komunizem, pripadal Komunistični partiji in kot pisatelj tudi po koncu socialnega realizma ostal zvest realističnim stilnim postopkom. Pripovedna proza Ivana Potrča je nastajala več kot pol stoletja, od leta 1933 do 1993. Glede na družbene in politične spremembe je Potrčeva proza razdeljena na štiri obdobja. V teoretičnem delu doktorata so predstavljeni pojmi, kot so ideologija, marksizem, komunizem, socializem, samoupravni socializem, razmerje med ideološkim in literarnim diskurzom, literatura kot interdiskurz in kulturni spomin. V poglavju Ivan Potrč v slovenski literarni zgodovini je predstavljeno mesto Ivana Potrča v slovenski literarni zgodovini v različnih obdobjih. Na podlagi pregleda literarnozgodovinskih del in kritiške recepcije Potrčevih literarnih besedil je bilo ugotovljeno, da je po zlomu socializma kot družbenega reda zanimanje za njegova dela zelo uplahnilo, prav tako se je delež njegovih literarnih del v učnih načrtih za osnovne in srednje šole znatno zmanjšal, ne najdemo pa ga na seznamih del za tekmovanje iz slovenščine za Cankarjevo priznanje, ni ga med predlaganimi literarnimi besedili za pisanje maturitetnih esejev. V nadaljevanju je analizirana izbrana Potrčeva pripovedna proza na idejno-tematski, jezikovno slogovni, medbesedilni in primerjalni ravni v kontekstu ideoloških, družbenih in političnih sprememb. Bistveno spoznanje te analize je, da je delež ideološkega diskurza v posameznih obdobjih različen. V pripovedni prozi med 1933-1940 gre za kritični prikaz ideologije kapitalizma in družbenih razmer v Kraljevini Jugoslaviji. Ideološki diskurz se pojavlja zgolj v drobcih, in sicer kot motiv upornega posameznika, ki z dvignjeno pestjo napoveduje nove, boljše čase tudi za revne viničarje, kmete, kočarje in delavce. Z vidika ideologije socializma in marksizma izstopajo "kitajske" novele. V pripovedni prozi med 1941-1952 je ideološki diskurz najmočneje zastopan. Posamezne pripovedi iz tega časa prehajajo v afirmativno, propagandno oziroma tendenčno literaturo. Fabula je podrejena idejnemu in ideološkemu sporočilu, ki se kaže med vojno v predanosti kolektivnemu uporu proti okupatorju, v medsebojni pomoči, tovarištvu, zaupanju in nezaupanju, dezerterstvu in izdajstvu, po vojni pa v triumfu zmage, partijskem prevzemu oblasti, temelječem na marksističnih in socialističnih temeljih, kolektivni obnovi porušene domovine, političnih reformah idr. Po letu 1953 se Potrč preusmeri v prikazovanje intimne, čutne erotike kmečkega človeka, obenem pa so za pripovedno prozo med 1953-1990 značilne tudi zgodovinske in družbeno-politične teme. Potrč je v tem času deloma tematiziral tudi anomalije samoupravnega socializma v smeri političnega fanatizma, nezaupanja, oportunizma, sebičnosti, koristoljubja in izrabe vladajoče ideologije. Najbolj se kritika socializma in njene anomalije vidijo v Potrčevem zadnjem romanu Tesnoba (1991), v katerem se skozi tematizacijo razmer v podjetju Proteus razbira ekonomsko in politično prestrukturiranje Jugoslavije in propad socializma. V disertaciji je ugotovljeno, da je ideologija socializma in komunizma v Potrčevi pripovedni prozi med 1933-1993 prepoznavna, ni pa - razen v posameznih primerih - razbila umetniške vrednosti njegove literature. Potrč je bil po svojem prepričanju komunist, a tudi izjemen humanist. Za najvišjo vrednoto ni razglasil ideologije, ampak človeka, ki ga je prikazoval brez olepševanja ali "lakiranja" v težkih časih Kraljevine Jugoslavije, med drugo svetovno vojno in v povojnem vrvežu sprememb z vsemi pozitivnimi in negativnimi značilnostmi.

Keywords

disertacije;slovenska književnost;slovenska proza;20.st.;socialni realizem;literarne študije;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.08 - Doctoral Dissertation
Organization: UM FF - Faculty of Arts
Publisher: R. Debeljak]
UDC: 821.163.6.09Potrč I.(043.3)
COBISS: 26590776 Link will open in a new window
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Potrč's Short Prose in the Context of Ideological, Social and Political Changes
Secondary abstract: This doctoral dissertation, titled Potrč's Short Prose in the Context of Ideological, Social and Political Changes, presents short prose of one of the most prominent representative of Slovenian social realism. Potrč, who was also a member of the Communist Party, believed in socialism and communism from his student years until his death and he remained loyal to realistic style even after the end of social realism. Short prose of Ivan Potrč was being created for more than half a century, which is from 1933 until 1993. According to social and political changes, Potrč's short prose is divided into the following periods. The theory section of the dissertation presents the terms such as ideology, Marxism, communism, self-managing socialism, relationship between ideological and literary discourse, literature as interdiscourse and cultural memory. The chapter Ivan Potrč v slovenski literarni zgodovini presents the position of Ivan Potrč in Slovenian literary history within different periods. Based on reviewing literary historical works and critical reception of Potrč's literary texts, it has been ascertained that after the fall of socialism as social order, the interest in his works has considerably decreased. It has also been found, that the number of his literary works in primary and secondary school curricula has substantially lowered. None of his works can be found on the lists of required reading at Slovenian Language National Competition for Cankar Award nor on the lists of required essay reading at the Matura exam. Potrč's short prose is then analysed on the conceptual-thematic, linguo-stylistic, intertextual and comparative level in the context of ideological, social and political changes. The principal findings of the analysis show that the portion of the ideological discourse varies in different periods. Short prose 1933-1940 exhibits critical narrative of capitalism ideology and social circumstances in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Ideological discourse is only partly shown; namely as the motif of a rebellious individual with a closed fist salute, who foretells new and better times for poor vinedressers, farmers, cottagers and workers. In short prose 1941-1952 the ideological discourse is the most presented. Certain stories from this period change into formula fiction, propaganda and tendency writing. Fable is subordinate to conceptual and ideological message, which is, during a war, shown as faithfulness to collective uprising against occupation, mutual help, comradery, trust and mistrust, deserters and treason. After war, it is shown as victory triumph, communist party take-over, which is based on Marxist and socialistic foundations, collective reconstruction of the homeland in ruins, political reforms etc. After 1953, Potrč diverges into the presentation of intimate, sensual eroticism of rural man, but at the same time, the short prose between 1953-1990 includes historical and social-political themes. At that time, Potrč thematises anomalies of self-governing socialism in the way of political fanaticism, distrust, opportunism, selfishness, egoism and taking advantage of governing ideology. The criticism of socialism and its anomalies are most visible in Potrč's last novel Tesnoba (1991), which, through thematising the situation in company Proteus, grasps the economic and political restructuring of Yugoslavia and the decline of socialism. The dissertation ascertains that in Potrč's short prose between 1933 and 1993 the ideology of socialism and communism is recognised, however, it does not, except for certain cases, break the artistic value of his literature. Potrč was a communist, but also an extraordinary humanist. He did not make ideology the biggest value but rather a human being, who he depicted without embellishments in the difficult times of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, during the World War II and in the time of post-war changes. He depicted them with all the positive and negative characteristics.
Secondary keywords: dissertations;Slovenian literature;Slovenian prose;20th century;social realism;literary studies;Potrč;Ivan;1913-1993;Disertacije;
Type (COBISS): Doctoral dissertation
Thesis comment: Univ. v Mariboru, Filozofska fak., Oddelek za slovanske jezike in književnosti
Pages: 277 str.
ID: 11153267