diplomsko delo
Špela Sila (Author), Robert Sotler (Reviewer), Damjan Slabe (Mentor), Janez Kramar (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Uvod: Možganska kap je izguba možganske funkcije zaradi motnje v prekrvavitvi možganov. Nastane lahko kot posledica strdka ali krvavitve, kar povzroči pojav značilnih znakov in simptomov. Je vodilni vzrok obolevnosti in umrljivosti na svetu. Za čim boljši izid zdravljenja so pomembni hitra prepoznava in klic 112 s strani očividcev, hitro posredovanje ekipe nujne medicinske pomoči in bolnišnična obravnava v prvih štirih urah in pol po nastopu simptomov in znakov bolezni. Namen: Opredeliti in opisati možgansko kap in njene vrste, predstaviti epidemiologijo možganske kapi, pomen hitrega ukrepanja in vlogo diplomirane medicinske sestre pri pacientu z možgansko kapjo v predbolnišničnem okolju. Metode dela: Uporabljena je bila deskriptivna metoda dela s sistematičnim pregledom literature v slovenskem in angleškem jeziku. Do literature smo dostopali prek podatkovnih baz COBIB.SI, CINAHL, Medline plus, ScienceDirect, do katerih smo dostopali prek Digitalne knjižnice Univerze v Ljubljani in prek spleta. Časovni okvir izbrane literature je bil med letoma 2006 in 2019. Rezultati: Strokovna obravnava pacientov z možgansko kapjo se začne že s klicem na 112, kjer ob sumu na to bolezen dispečer pošlje ekipo nujne medicinske pomoči do pacienta, do katerega člani ekipe dostopijo po principu ABC. V primeru, da je pacient neodziven, mora ekipa nujne medicinske pomoči ravnati po splošnih načelih oživljanja. Medicinska sestra preveri dihalno pot, dihanje in cirkulacijo ter pridobi podatke o vseh vitalnih funkcijah, posname elektrokardiogram in izmeri vrednost sladkorja v krvi ter pacientu nastavi intravenozni kanal. Ekipa nujne medicinske pomoči vitalno stabilnega pacienta v čim krajšem možnem času z nujnim prevozom odpelje v bolnišnico, kjer nadaljujejo z ustreznim zdravljenjem. Razprava in zaključek: Pri obravnavi pacienta z možgansko kapjo sta zaradi hitrega propada možganskih celic ključna zgodnja prepoznava znakov in simptomov možganske kapi ter čim prejšnje ukrepanje. Laiki si za prepoznavo možganske kapi pomagajo s kratico GROM. V primeru, da je pacient pri zavesti, se ga lahko poleže v ležišče z rahlo dvignjenim vzglavjem. Nezavestnega pacienta, ki diha, je treba namestiti v stabilni bočni položaj, pacienta, ki ne diha, pa nemudoma oživljati in poklicati 112.

Keywords

diplomska dela;zdravstvena nega;možganska kap;nujna medicinska pomoč;ukrepanje na terenu;prevoz pacienta;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UL ZF - University College of Health Studies
Publisher: [Š. Sila]
UDC: 616-083
COBISS: 5638507 Link will open in a new window
Views: 971
Downloads: 288
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Prehospital management of patients with acute stroke
Secondary abstract: Introduction: A stroke is a sudden loss of brain function due to interrupted blood circulation to the brain. It can occur as a result of a clot or a haemorrhage and causes characteristic stroke signs and symptoms. Stroke is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. In case of a stroke it is important (1) to recognize the symptoms and call the emergency number (112) as soon as possible, that (2) the emergency medical team acts quickly and that (3) the patient receives hospital care in the first four and a half hours after the symptoms occur. Purpose: Identify and describe a stroke and its types, to present the epidemiology of a stroke, the importance of a quick intervention and the role of a registered nurse in the treatment process of a patient suffering from a stroke. Methods: We used the descriptive method and combined it with an overview of Slovene and foreign literature. Our research included articles found in the online bibliographic databases, such as COBIB.SI, CINHAHL, Medline plus, ScienceDirect, which were accessed using the Internet and the Digital Library of the University of Ljubljana. Our research includes the literature written between the years 2006 and 2019. Results: The professional treatment of a stroke begins with a call to the emergency number 112. If the emergency services suspect a stroke, the dispatcher will send the emergency medical team that will use the ABC principle for assessing the situation. In the event that the patient is unresponsive, the emergency medical team has to follow the general principles of resuscitation. In the meantime, the nurse checks the patient’s airway, breathing and circulation. The nurse also collects information on all the vital functions, performs an electrocardiogram and measures the blood sugar level, and sets up an intravenous line. As quickly as possible the emergency medical team transports the stable patient to the hospital that is equipped for treating patients suffering from a stroke, where they can continue with the necessary treatment. Discussion and conclusion: When dealing with a stroke patient, early detection of stroke signs and symptoms as well as an early intervention is crucial due to the possible rapid collapse of the brain cells. People use the F.A.S.T. If the patients are conscious, we can help them lie down into the bed and making sure their head is slightly raised. Unconscious patients that are breathing on their own should be placed on one side, and if the patients are not breathing, we need to perform CPR (in other words Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) and call emergency services on the emergency number 112.
Secondary keywords: diploma theses;nursing care;stroke;emergency medical treatment;field treatment;patient transport;
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme: 0
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Zdravstvena fak., Oddelek za zdravstveno nego
Pages: 43 str.
ID: 11157405