diplomsko delo visokošolskega strokovnega študijskega programa I. stopnje
Anja Štrakl (Author), Mojca Škerget (Mentor), Maja Čolnik (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Razgradnja odpadne embalaže je v današnjem času zelo aktualna tema, saj se delež komunalnih in industrijskih odpadkov iz dneva v dan povečuje. V zadnjem času so zato raziskave na področju alternativnih, okolju prijaznih metod recikliranja odpadkov zelo intenzivne. Polietilen (PE) predstavlja najbolj razširjeno plastiko na svetovni ravni, ki se nahaja predvsem v embalaži, kot so plastične vrečke, folije, plastenke, tudi v kozmetičnih izdelkih, prehrambeni industriji in energetiki. Sub- in superkritična voda je okolju prijazno topilo in odličen reakcijski medij za depolimerizacijo plastike v različne uporabne produkte. S tem namenom smo v diplomski nalogi proučevali razgradnjo odpadne barvne embalaže iz PE v superkritični vodi (SCW). Postopek smo izvajali v visokotlačnem, visokotemperaturnem šaržnem reaktorju, kjer smo odpadni barvni PE v razmerju z vodo 1/5 (g/mL) izpostavljali temperaturam 425 ºC in 450 °C v časovnih intervalih od 15 do 240 minut. Pri razgradnji odpadne barvne embalaže iz PE v SCW smo dobili štiri faze: oljno fazo ali vosek, vmesno, vodno ter plinsko fazo. Produkte v oljni in plinski fazi smo analizirali z GC/MS metodo, v vodni fazi pa smo določevali totalni ogljik (TC). Ugotovili smo, da se odpadna barvna embalaža iz PE v SCW ni popolnoma razgradila pri temperaturi 425 ºC pri časih 15 in 30 minut. Nastala oljna faza je vsebovala veliko ogljikovodikov, kjer so pri nižjih temperaturah in krajših časih prevladovali dolgi ogljikovodiki, pri višjih temperaturah in daljših časih pa so se pojavljali aromatski ogljikovodiki. Plinska faza je vsebovala različne pline, predvsem alkane in alkene.

Keywords

odpadni polietilen;recikliranje;superkritična voda;plinska kromatografija;masna spektrometrija;diplomske naloge;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UM FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Publisher: [A. Štrakl]
UDC: 543.51:543.544.3(043.2)
COBISS: 22608662 Link will open in a new window
Views: 937
Downloads: 57
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Degradation of polyethylene waste in supercritical water
Secondary abstract: The decomposition of packaging waste is a very popular topic nowadays because the quantity of municipal and industrial waste is fastly growing. Lately, intensive research work has been devoted to alternative and eco-friendly methods of recycling. Polyethylene (PE) is the most widely used plastic in the world, which is mainly found in packaging, such as plastic bags, foils, bottles, even in cosmetic products, in food industry and energy. Sub- and supercritical water is an eco-friendly solvent and a great reaction medium for the depolymerization of plastic into various useful products. For this purpose, the degradation of colored packaging waste of PE in supercritical water (SCW) has been studied. The procedure was carried out in a high pressure, high temperature batch reactor at the temperatures of 425 °C and 450 °C. The mixture of coloured PE waste and water in a ratio 1/5 (g/mL) was exposed at various intervals ranging from 15 to 240 minutes. During the decomposition of colored packaging waste of PE in SCW four phases were obtained: oil phase or wax, intermediate, water and gas phase. The degradation products in the oil and gas phases were analyzed by gas cromatography and mass spectrometry. The content of total carbon was determined in the aqueoous phase. It was found that colored packaging waste of PE was not completely decomposed at 425 °C for 15 and 30 minutes. The obtained oil phase was composed of many hydrocarbons, where long-term hydrocarbons predominated at lower temperatures and shorter times, and aromatic hydrocabrons appeared at higher temperatures and longer times. The gas phase contained various gases, especially alkanes and alkenes.
Secondary keywords: polyethylene waste;recycling;supercritical water;gas chromatography;mass spectrometry;
URN: URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Embargo end date (OpenAIRE): 2020-12-30
Thesis comment: Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo
Pages: VIII, 34 str.
ID: 11164904