diplomsko delo
Žan Frangeš (Author), Borut Holcman (Mentor)

Abstract

Diplomsko delo proučuje vpliv in uporabo Hammurabujevega zakonika v verzih Stare zaveze, natančneje v drugi Mojzesovi knjigi (Exodus) in peti Mojzesovi knjigi (Deuteronominum). Oba zakonika predstavljata pravne temelje svojih civilizacij in tudi v svetu. Mogočnost samih virov in njihov nastanek se je primerjal in po izročilu nastal iz rok božanstev in drugih metafizičnih bitij. S tem so takratni vladarji pridobili na avtoriteti in legitimnosti zakonikov. Natančno preučevanje pravnih virov nam prinese vpogled v njuno medsebojno prepletanje. Čeprav je prenosu zakonov iz enega zakonika v drugega nasprotovalo veliko zgodovinarjev in pravnih piscev, je uporaba Hammurabijevega zakonika v verzih Stare zaveze nepogrešljivo opazna. Podobnost lahko pripišemo bližnji geografski povezanosti, saj se je celoten razvoj odvijal med Egiptom in Babilonijo. Temelj Hammurabijevega zakonika je talionsko načelo, ki je tudi najširše poznano pravno načelo, ''zob za zob, oko za oko ''. Talionsko načelo se pojavlja v členih 196 do 205 Hammurabijevega zakomnika. Načelo je v Stari zavezi skoraj dobesedno prepisano, v verzih o poškodovanju nosečnice v 21,22-25. Kljub skoraj dobesednemu prepisu iz Hammurabijevega zakonika, to ni edini tak primer uporabe vsebine členov v Stari zavezi. Po kompleksni analizi obeh zakonikov, se uporaba Hammurabijevega zakonika opazi v skoraj v vseh predelih zakonika Stare zaveze. Sorodna enakost, ki se v pravnih virih pojavlja kot primer podobnosti, so verzi o volih v Stari zavezi (21,28-32). Verzi sledijo členom Hammurabijevega zakonika v enakem vrstnem redu, vsebinsko se skoraj prekrivajo, sama podobnost pa se razteguje tudi na kazenske sankcije. Največja uporaba Hammurabijevega zakonika je opazna v drugi Mojzsesovi knjigi (Exodus). Peta Mojzesova knjiga pokaže napredek v urejenih sodniških funkcijah in pravdnem postopku, kar Hammurabijev zakonik ne ureja. Omenja se samo v določenih členih kot možnost dokazovanja in priseganja pred samimi božanstvi. O samem pravnem postopku govori v epilogu, kjer poudarja Hammurabi prednost svojega zakonika, ki naj varuje slabotnega pred mogočnim, naj pomaga do pravice vdovi in siroti, ter naj vsakemu pojasni kaj ima pričakovati v pravdi. Primerjanje obeh pravnih virov pokaže napredek v razvoju, od nesistematično urejenih členov v Hammurabijevem zakoniku, do bolj sistematično in vsebinsko urejenih verzov Stare zaveze.

Keywords

Hammurabijev zakonik;Stara zaveza;Exosdus;Deuteronominum;židovsko pravo;primerjava;epilog;prolog;talionsko načelo;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UM PF - Faculty of Law
Publisher: [Ž. Frangeš]
UDC: 26-284(091)(043.2)
COBISS: 5757995 Link will open in a new window
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Impact of Hammurabi code on jewish law of old testamony
Secondary abstract: The diploma work examines the influence and application of the Hammurabuj Code in the Verses of the Old Testament, more specifically in the second book of Moses (Exodus) and the fifth book of Deuteronomy (Deuteronominum). Both codes represent the legal foundations of their civilizations and also in the world. The power of the sources themselves and their creation were compared and, according to the tradition, they came from the hands of deities and other metaphysical beings. By doing so, the rulers of the time gained on the authority and legitimacy of the Chancellors. A careful study of legal sources brings us into view of their mutual interweaving. Although the transfer of laws from one code to another was contrary to many historians and legal writers, the application of the Hammurabi Code in the verses of the Old Testament is indisputably noticeable. Similarity can be attributed to the near geographical connection, since the whole development took place between Egypt and Babylonia, and another factor. The foundation of the Hammutrab Code is the talion principle, which is also the most widely known legal principle, '' tooth for teeth, eye for the eye ''. The Talion principle appears in Articles 196 to 205. The principle is almost literally copied in the Old Testament in the verses on the damaging of the pregnant woman at 21: 22-25. Despite the almost verbatim transcript of the Hammurabi Code, this is not the only example of using the content of articles in the Old Testament. After a complex analysis of the two codes, the application of the Hammurabi Code is observed in almost all parts of the Code of the Old Testament, similar to equality, which in legal sources appears as an example of similarity to the verses of oxen in the Old Testament (21: 28-32). The verses follow the article of the Hammurabi Code in the same order, they are virtually overlapping in content, and the similarity also extends to criminal sanctions. The greatest use of the Hammurabi Code is evident in the second book of Moses (Exodus). The fifth book of Moses shows progress in orderly judicial functions and litigation, which does not regulate Hammurabi's laws, or mentions in the articles themselves as an opportunity to prove and to swear before the deities. He talks about the legal process in the epilogue, in which Hammurabi stresses the primacy of his code, which protects the weak, the mighty, helps the widows and orphans to justice, and tells each one what to expect in justice. Comparison of both legal sources reveals progress in development, from unsystematically regulated articles in the Hammurabi Code, to more systematic and contently arranged verses of the Old Testament.
Secondary keywords: Hammurabi Code;Old Testament;Exosdus;Deuteronominum;Jewish Law;Comparison;Epilogue;Prologue;Taling Principle;
URN: URN:SI:UM:DK:JBVAOIIP
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Thesis comment: Univ. v Mariboru, Pravna fak.
Pages: 28 f.
ID: 11188170