diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študijskega programa I. stopnje
Kaja Tomažič (Author), Maša Knez Hrnčič (Mentor), Bojan Butinar (Mentor)

Abstract

Povečano povpraševanje po oljčnem olju v zadnjih desetletjih je povzročilo naraščanje količine stranskih produktov predelave oljk, med katere uvrščamo oljčne liste, tropine in vegetacijsko vodo. Predvsem oljčni listi imajo visoko vsebnost aktivnih učinkovin-biofenolov, med katerimi prevladuje oleuropein. Zaradi močnega antioksidativnega učinka oljčni biofenoli sodelujejo pri preprečevanju oksidativnega stresa in z njim povezanimi bolezni. Raziskave so pokazale, da ekstrakti listov Olea Europaea L. delujejo protivnetno, zavirajo rast rakavih celic, ščitijo kardiovaskularni sistem in znižujejo krvni tlak. V vsakoletnem obdobju obrezovanja dreves in med pobiranjem oljk se kopičijo velike količine odpadnih oljčnih listov, ki predstavljajo obilen in neizkoriščen vir aktivnih učinkovin, ki pa jih je mogoče izolirati ter uporabiti v različnih farmacevtskih in kozmetičnih proizvodih ter prehranskih dodatkih. V skladu z načeli zelene kemije je razvoj usmerjen v iskanje modernih postopkov ekstrakcije in ekstrakcijskih topil, ki bi nadomestila konvencionalne postopke in omogočila proizvodnjo čistih ekstraktov brez uporabe zdravju škodljivih organskih topil. V sklopu diplomskega dela smo vzorčili oljčne liste sort Istrska belica in Leccino iz dveh geografskih leg. Vsebnost aktivnih učinkovin v rastlinskem materialu je odvisna od predhodne obdelave, zato smo sveže oljčne liste posušili z uporabo treh različnih metod (zrak sobne temperature, sušilnik pri 105 °C, liofilizacija). Sledili smo načelom zelene kemije in sintetizirali naravna evtektična topila, s katerimi smo ekstrahirali suhe oljčne liste. Z namenom primerjave smo izvedli tudi superkritično ekstrakcijo s CO2 in konvencionalno ekstrakcijo po Evropski Farmakopeji. Tako pridobljene ekstrakte smo preučili s HPLC-metodo, s katero smo potrdili prisotnost tipičnih oljčnih biofenolov ter tudi nekaj specifičnih spojin. Na koncu smo superkritičnim ekstraktom določili še antioksidativno aktivnost.

Keywords

oljčni listi;sušenje;evtektična topila;ekstrakcija;biofenoli;oleuropein;diplomske naloge;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UM FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Publisher: [K. Tomažič]
UDC: 633.852.73:665.662.3(043.2)
COBISS: 22611478 Link will open in a new window
Views: 993
Downloads: 117
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: The effect of extraction techniques on the active compounds content in olive leaves extract
Secondary abstract: Increased demand for olive oil in recent decades has caused increased rise in olive processing by-products, among which olive leaves, olive skins and vegetation water. Olive leaves particularly contain a high concentration of oleuropein - dominant olive biophenol. Due to their strong antioxidant effect, olive biophenols take part in prevention of oxidative stress and correlated diseases. Studies have shown that Olea Europaea L. leaf extracts have an anti-inflammatory effect, prevent the growth of cancerogenic cells, protect the cardiovascular system and reduce blood pressure. During the annual olive harvesting and pruning, olive leaves, which accumulate in large amounts, result in an abundant source of active compounds that can be isolated and used in preparation of different pharmaceuticals, cosmetic products and dietary supplements. In line with the principles of green chemistry, development is focused on finding new, modern extraction processes and extraction solvents that could replace the conventional methods and enable production of clean extracts without the use of hazardous organic solvents. This thesis discusses the sampled leaves of Istrska belica and Leccino olive varieties from two geographical zones. The content of active compounds in natural material depends on the pre-treatment. Therefore, we dried the fresh olive leaves using three different procedures (natural air drying, oven at 105 ° C, lyophilization). We followed the principles of green chemistry and synthesized natural eutectic solvents to extract dried olive leaves. For comparison purposes, supercritical extraction with CO2 and conventional pharmacopoeial extraction were also performed. The extracts thus obtained were examined by the HPLC method to confirm the presence of typical olive biophenols as well as some specific compounds. Finally, supercritical extracts were determined by antioxidant activity.
Secondary keywords: olive leaf;drying;deep eutectic solvents;extraction;biophenols;HPLC;
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Thesis comment: Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo
Pages: XI, 49 str.
ID: 11200844