magistrsko delo
Špela Boček (Author), Tjaša Ivanc (Mentor)

Abstract

Da se v civilnem sodnem postopku izda zakonita odločba je potrebno ugotoviti resnično dejansko stanje zadeve v skladu s sodniškim silogizmom in izreči v materialnem pravu predvideno sankcijo. Tako je treba izvesti vse dokaze za ugotovitev resničnosti pravnorelevantnih dejstev. V praksi se lahko pojavi potreba, da je potrebno posamezne dokaze izvesti na območju sodišča, ki ni pristojno za odločanje v glavni stvari. Pristojnost izvajanja procesnih dejanj, ki pripada posameznemu sodišču, se namreč razteza le na njegovo območje. V določbah ZPP in Sodnega reda je prav zato vzpostavljeno sodelovanje med sodišči oziroma možnost pridobivanja dokazov po zaprošenem sodišču. Zaprošeno sodišče, na območju katerega se nahajajo dokazi lahko izvede določena procesna dejanja na svojem območju, z namenom zagotoviti dokaz za sodišče, ki je v konkretnem postopku pristojno za odločanje. Nadaljnje vprašanje se postavi, kako je z izvajanjem posameznih dokazov, ki se nahajajo v drugi državi. Kadar pride do takšnega primera in je potrebno določene dokaze pridobiti oziroma dejstva ugotoviti v tuji državi pa se uporabijo posebna pravila ZPP, ki veljajo za mednarodno pravno pomoč, to je pomoč med domačimi in tujimi sodišči, ki pa imajo v razmerju z mednarodnimi akti s tega področja subsidiarni pomen. Nacionalna sodišča imajo namreč pristojnost izvajati procesna dejanja le na ozemlju svoje države, zato le teh, na ozemlju tuje države, brez poseganja v suverenost te države ne morejo opraviti brez pomoči njenih sodišč oziroma drugih njenih organov. Na tej točki si lahko sodniki in sodišča pomagajo z različnimi mednarodni pravni akti, ki omogočajo pravno pomoč pri pridobivanju dokazov na mednarodnem nivoju ali z načelom vzajemnosti. Prvi mednarodni akt, ki je vseboval zametke mednarodne pravne pomoči pri pridobivanju dokazov v civilnih zadevah je bila Konvencija o civilnem postopku. Zaradi potrebe po bolj natančnih določbah v zvezi z mednarodno pravno pomočjo je bila nadalje sprejeta Konvencija o pridobivanju dokazov v civilnih ali gospodarskih zadevah v tujini. Ta konvencija omogoča državam pogodbenicam uporabo aktivne pravne pomoči pri pridobivanju dokazov v tujini, kjer gre za posredno pridobivanje dokazov s pomočjo tujih sodnih organov in osrednjih organov ter uporabo neenakovredne pasivne pravne pomoči, kjer gre za neposredno pridobivanje dokazov s pomočjo diplomatskih, konzularnih predstavnikov in komisarjev. Na področju pravne pomoči pri pridobivanju dokazov pa je ključen akt za države članice EU sprejela tudi EU in sicer Uredbo Sveta (ES) št. 1206/20001 o sodelovanju med sodišči držav članic pri pridobivanju dokazov v civilnih in gospodarskih zadevah. Uredba državam članicam EU omogoča medsebojno sodelovanje med sodišči teh držav pri pridobivanju dokazov z aktivno pravno pomočjo kjer gre za posredno pridobivanje dokazov na območju druge države članice s pomočjo tujih sodnih organov in s pasivno pravno pomočjo, kjer gre za neposredno pridobivanje dokazov na območju tuje države članice, članov sodnega organa države članice kjer poteka postopek. Poleg naštetih večstranskih mednarodnih aktov, ki jih lahko uporablja Slovenija za pridobivanje dokazov v tujini pa ima Slovenija z nekaterimi državami podpisane tudi bilateralne sporazume na katere se lahko upre kadar potrebuje mednarodno pravno pomoč pri pridobivanju dokazov v tujini in te države niso članice EU ali pogodbenice Konvencije o pridobivanju dokazov v civilnih ali gospodarskih zadevah v tujini oziroma določbe dvostranskih sporazumov vsebujejo bolj učinkovite in ekonomične določbe pridobivanja dokazov v tujini.

Keywords

civilni postopek;načelo neposrednosti;razpravno načelo;preiskovalno načelo;pridobivanje dokazov;sodelovanje med sodišči;pravna pomoč po zaprošenem sodišču;mednarodna pravna pomoč;Konvencija o civilnem postopku;Konvencija o pridobivanju dokazov v civilnih ali gospodarskih zadevah v tujini;Uredba Sveta (ES) št. 1206/20001 o sodelovanju med sodišči držav članic pri pridobivanju dokazov v civilnih in gospodarskih zadevah;aktivna pravna pomoč;pasivna pravna pomoč;bilateralne pogodbe in sporazumi.;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization: UM PF - Faculty of Law
Publisher: [Š. Boček]
UDC: 347.65/.68(043.3)
COBISS: 5772587 Link will open in a new window
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Downloads: 183
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Legal assistance in the taking of evidence in civil procedures
Secondary abstract: In order to obtain a legal decision in a civil legal procedure, it is necessary to determine the true facts of the case in accordance with the judicial syllogism, and to impose in the substantive law the sanction envisaged. Thus, all the evidence needed to establish the truthfulness of the lawful facts must be carried out. In practice, the need may arise that individual evidence needs to be carried out in the area of the court which is not competent to decide in the main proceedings. The jurisdiction to carry out procedural acts which belong to a particular court namely extend only to its territory. Because of that it is in the provisions of the Slovenian CPA and the Slovenian Judicial Order, established cooperation between the courts or the possibility of obtaining evidence through the requested court. The requested court in whose territory the evidence is located may carry out certain procedural acts in its territory in order to provide evidence for a court which is competent in deciding in a particular case. The next question is, how to carry out individual evidence that is located in another country. When such a case arises and some evidence is required to be obtained or the facts are established in a foreign country, it is necessary to use special provisions of the Slovenian CPA about international legal assistance, which is, assistance between domestic courts and foreign courts, which have subsidiary significance in relation to international acts in this field. Namely the national courts have the jurisdiction to perform procedural acts only in the territory of their own country, and therefore in the territory of a foreign country, without prejudice to the sovereignty of that State, they cannot perform procedural acts without the help of its courts or other bodies. At this point, judges and courts can help themselves with various international legal instruments that provide legal assistance in obtaining evidence at the international level or with the principle of reciprocity. The first international act, which contained gaps in international legal assistance in obtaining evidence in civil matters, was the Convention on Civil Procedure. In the need for more specific provisions concerning international legal assistance, the Convention on the Taking of Evidence Abroad in Civil or Commercial Matters was further adopted. This Convention allows States Parties to use active legal assistance in obtaining evidence abroad which is indirectly obtaining evidence through foreign judicial authorities and central authorities and the use of not equivalent passive legal assistance in the case of direct evidence-gathering with the help of diplomatic, consular agents and Commissioners. However, in the area of legal assistance in obtaining evidence, the EU has also adopted a key act for EU Member States, namely Council Regulation (EC) No. 1206/20001 on cooperation between the courts of the Member States in the taking of evidence in civil and commercial matters. The Regulation allows EU Member States to cooperate among the courts of these countries in obtaining evidence with active legal assistance which is indirectly obtaining evidence in the territory of another Member State through foreign judicial authorities and passive legal assistance which is direct taking of evidence in the territory of a foreign country by members of the judicial authority of the Member State where the proceedings are taking place. In addition to the above-mentioned multilateral international instruments that Slovenia can use to obtain evidence abroad, Slovenia has also signed bilateral agreements with some countries, which can be used for international legal assistance in obtaining evidence abroad. These countries are not EU Member States or Parties to the Convention on the Taking of Evidence Abroad in Civil or Commercial Matters or the provisions of bilateral agreements contain more effective and economical provisions for obtaining evidence abroad.
Secondary keywords: civil procedure;the principle of immediacy;adversarial principle;inquisitorial principle;taking of evidence;cooperation between the courts;legal assistance by the requested court;international legal assistance;Convention on civil procedure;Convention on the Taking of Evidence Abroad in Civil or Commercial Matters;Council regulation (EC) No 1206/2001 on cooperation between the courts of the Member States in the taking of evidence in civil or commercial matters;active legal assistance;passive legal assistance;bilateral contracts and agreements.;
Type (COBISS): Master's thesis/paper
Thesis comment: Univ. v Mariboru, Pravna fak.
Pages: 111 f.
ID: 11205417