Ekstrakcija aktivnih komponent iz semen črne kumine (nigella sativa)

diplomsko delo visokošolskega strokovnega študijskega programa I. stopnje

Danijel Lavrič (Author), Petra Kotnik (Mentor), Maša Knez Hrnčič (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Namen diplomske naloge je raziskati vpliv različnih ekstrakcijskih metod na sestavo in kvaliteto olja, pridobljenega iz semen črne kumine. Izvedli smo ekstrakcije s pomočjo Soxhletovega aparata, ultrazvočne kopeli ter superkritične ekstrakcije s CO2. Ekstrakcije s Soxhletom in ultrazvočno kopeljo smo izvedli z različnimi topili (metanol, heksan, 96 % etanol in voda). Superkritične ekstrakcije pa smo izvedli pri konstantnih tlakih (100, 200 in 300 bar) ter konstantnih temperaturah (40 °C in 60 °C). Na podlagi rezultatov ekstrakcij smo določili pri katerih pogojih dobimo največ olja iz semen. Ekstrakcijo eteričnega olja smo izvedli po Clevengerjevi metodi z vodno paro. Za analize dobljenih ekstraktov smo uporabili plinski kromatograf sklopljen z masnim spektrometrom (GC-MS). Ekstraktom smo določili vsebnost in sestavo prostih maščobnih kislin ter hlapnih komponent, s poudarkom na vsebnosti timokinona, timola in karvakrola. Pri analizah smo se omejili na tiste komponente, katerih standarde smo imeli na razpolago. V vzorcu eteričnega olja pa smo določili celotno sestavo. Rezultati kažejo, na to, da med prostimi maščobnimi kislinami v olju črne kumine, prevladujeta linolna (50 %) in oleinska (22 %) kislina. Med hlapnimi komponentami prevladuje karvakrol (do 2 %), timokinon (do 0,4 %) in timol (do 0,025 %) pa sta prisotna v nižjih koncentracijah. V eteričnem olju smo zaznali vsebnost timolkinona (1,23 %) in karvakrola (1,81 %). Timokinon, ki mu pripisujejo zdravilne učinke, je torej v olju prisoten v dokaj nizkih koncentracijah.

Keywords

črna kumina;ekstrakcija;olje;hlapne komponente;proste maščobne kisline;diplomske naloge;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2019
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UM FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Publisher:	[D. Lavrič]
UDC:	664.1.033:582.795.22(043.2)
COBISS:	22623766
Views:	823
Downloads:	137
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Extraction of active compounds from black cumin seeds (nigella sativa)
Secondary abstract:	The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of different extraction methods on the quality of oil, extracted from black cumin seeds. We preformed Soxhlet, ultrasonic assisted and supercritical extractions with CO2. Soxhlet and ultrasonic assisted extractions were preformed by using different solvents (methanol, hexane, 96 % ethanol and watter). Supercritical extractions were done at a constant preassure (100, 200 and 300 bar) and constant temperature (40 °C and 60 °C). Based on the yields we determmined which conditions are the most favourable. Essential oils have been isolated by steam distillation acording to Clevenger. Analysis of extracts were preformed by GC-MS. We determined content and composition of free fatty acids and volatile compounds in the extracts, with emphasis on the content of thymoquinone, thymol and carvacrol. In those analysis only the available standard compounds were detected. In essential oil we could detect all compounds. Results show that linoleic (50 %) and oleic (22 %) acid have the highest fatty acid ratios in the oil of black cumin. Carvacrol (around 2 %) has the highest ratio amongst volatile compounds. Thymoquinone (around 0,4 %) and thymol (around 0,025%) are detected in much smaller concentrations. In essential oil ratios of thymoquione and thymole were 1,23 % and 1,81 % respectively. So the concentration of thymoquinone which is consider to have high pottential for medical purposes is therefore relatively low.
Secondary keywords:	black cumin;extractions;oil;volatile compounds;free fatty acids;GC-MS;
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo
Pages:	IX, 58 f.
ID:	11207731