Uravnavanje kostne presnove z eksosomi

diplomsko delo

Tamara Petrušević (Author), Barbara Ostanek (Mentor), Polona Jamnik (Thesis defence commission member), Mojca Narat (Thesis defence commission member)

Abstract

Eksosomi so primer izvenceličnih veziklov, ki sodelujejo v medcelični komunikaciji. Igrajo pomembno vlogo v številnih bioloških procesih in vse več je dokazov o njihovi vpletenosti v patofiziologijo različnih bolezni. Zato predstavljajo novo vrsto potencialnih diagnostičnih označevalcev pri rakavih obolenjih, prav tako pa imajo velik terapevtski potencial v regenerativni medicini. Razlog je predvsem v enostavni izolaciji eksosomov z minimalno invazivnimi postopki. Nedavne študije so pokazale, da so vpleteni v kostno presnovo in nastanek presnovnih bolezni kosti ter regeneracijo kosti po zlomih. Cilj naloge je predstaviti značilnosti eksosomov, njihovo vlogo v kosteh in možnosti uporabe v diagnostiki in terapiji. V večih študijah so pokazali, da kostne celice spontano izločajo eksosome, ki vsebujejo proteine, lipide in nukleinske kisline, ki nato uravnavajo kostno razgradnjo in kostno tvorbo. Tudi eksosomi, ki izhajajo iz stromalnih celic kostnega mozga (BMSC) stimulirajo rast kosti in vivo in in vitro. Ugotovili so da eksosomi, ki jih izločajo BMSC, igrajo pomembno vlogo v razvoju osteoporoze in in bi lahko predstavljali nov pristop za njeno zdravljenje. Eksosomalne miRNA so se pokazale kot primerni diagnostični označevalci pri osteoporozi z večjo občutljivostjo in specifičnostjo v primerjavi z biološkimi označevalci, ki se trenutno uporabljajo v klinični praksi. Prav tako, so pokazali da bi z eksosomi iz matičnih celic nekega dne lahko učinkovito zdravili travmatske zlome kosti, saj delujejo kot biomateriali in potencialno izboljšajo popravljanje in prenovo kosti.

Keywords

eksosomi;kostna presnova;osteogeneza;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2019
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UL FFA - Faculty of Pharmacy
Publisher:	[T. Petrušević]
UDC:	601.2:606:61(043.2)
COBISS:	4799089
Views:	865
Downloads:	189
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Regulation of bone metabolism by exosomes
Secondary abstract:	Exosomes are an example of extracellular vesicles involved in intercellular communication. They play an important role in many biological processes and there is increasing evidence of their involvement in the pathophysiology of various diseases. Therefore, they represent a new type of potential diagnostic markers in cancer and also have great therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine. This is mainly due to the simple extraction of exosomes with minimally invasive procedures. Recent studies have shown that their network of regulatory activities is implicated in bone metabolism and metabolic bone diseases. They are also known to play a crucial role in bone remodeling and regeneration processes after bone fractures. The aim of the thesis is to present the characteristics of exosomes, their role in bone metabolism and their potential use in diagnostics and therapy. Many studies show that bone cells spontaneously secrete exosomes containing proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, which in turn regulate bone resorption and bone formation. Also, exosomes derived from bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) stimulate bone growth in vivo and in vitro. Various studies suggest that BMSC- derived exosomes also play an important role in the development of osteoporosis and can be used to develop new treatment approaches. Exosomal miRNAs have proven to be suitable diagnostic markers for osteoporosis with greater sensitivity and specificity compared to the biological markers currently used in clinical practice. They have also shown that exososmes derived from stem cells can one day can effectively treat traumatic bone fractures, due to their properties to act as a bioactive material and potentially improve bone. repair
Secondary keywords:	Biotehnologija;Kosti;Osteoporoza;
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme:	0
Embargo end date (OpenAIRE):	1970-01-01
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fak., Študij biotehnologije
Pages:	VIII, 22 str.
ID:	11224135