Dejavniki, s katerimi vplivamo na vsebnost kapsaicina v rodu Capsicum

diplomsko delo

Luka Bitežnik (Author), Ana Slatnar (Mentor)

Abstract

Naloga sekundarnih metabolitov je povezovanje rastline z okoljem, njeno lažjo adaptacijo in varovanje pred patogeni. Kapsaicinoidi so najpomembnejši sekundarni metaboliti v rodu Capsicum. Uporaba plodov iz rodu Capsicum in samega kapsaicina v zadnjem desetletju narašča, predvsem v kulinariki in v medicinske namene. Pri sesalcih, uživanje kapsaicinoidov daje pekoč in neprijeten občutek. Pekočina je povezana z njihovo vsebnostjo in jo izražamo v Scovillovih enotah, ki obsegajo območje od 0 do 16 milijonov. Njihova vsebnost v plodu je v močni povezavi z okoljem. V namen njihovega povečanja se zato uporabljajo tehnološki ukrepi za povečano sintezo in njihovo akumulacijo. Med najpomembnejšega spada manipulacija vodnega režima, ki vpliva na aktivnost delovanja kapsaicin sintaze. Povečano delovanje encima privede do celo 2,5 kratnega povečanja končne vsebnosti kapsaicina v plodu v primerjavi s kontrolno rastlino. Poleg načrtovane oskrbe z vodo, lahko pozitivni odziv rastline na sintezo sekundarnih metabolitov spodbudimo z uporabo mineralnih dušičnih gnojil ali uporabo mikrobiološko bogatega substrata. Dostopni dušik neposredno vpliva na akumulacijo kapsaicina. Poleg tega, mikroorganizmi močno izboljšajo humificiranje organske snovi in dostopnost posameznih hranil ter posledično povečanje aktivnosti rastlinskih hormonov. Pomemben dejavnik sinteze kapsaicina je tudi fotoperioda. Svetloba pozitivno vpliva na ekspresijo gena kapsaicin sintaze, ki ima promotorske regije za zaznavo svetlobe, medtem pa negativno vpliva na indukcijo peroksidaze, katere naloga je razgradnja kapsaicina, kar privede do bistvenega povečanja tega sekundarnega metabolita.

Keywords

kapsaicin;sekundarni metaboliti;tehnološki ukrepi;vsebnost kapsaicina;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2019
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UL BF - Biotechnical Faculty
Publisher:	[L. Bitežnik]
UDC:	582.930.2:633.84:631.5(043.2)
COBISS:	9291641
Views:	573
Downloads:	147
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Factors affecting capsaicin content in genus Capsicum
Secondary abstract:	The function of secondary metabolites is the interaction between a plant and its environment which help the plants to adapt easier and to protect them from pathogen. Capsaicinoids are the most important secondary metabolites in the genus Capsicum. The use of fruit from the genus Capsicum and the capsaicin itself has been increasing over the last decade, especially for medical applications and culinary. In mammals, the ingestion of capsaicinoids gives a burning and unpleasant feeling. The pungency is expressed in Scoville units, which range from 0 to 16 units. Their content in plants is in strong connection with the environment. For the purpose of a bigger production of capsaicinoids, specific technological factors are needed to boost synthesis and their accumulation. Main aspect of how the amount of capsaicinoid can be manipulated is the water regime, that affects activity of capsaicin synthase. Increased enzyme activity can lead up to 2,5 times greater capsaicin content compared to control plant. Beside controlled water irrigation, usage of mineral nitrogen fertilizer or microbiological rich substrate can positively affect capsaicin content. In fact, available nitrogen directly affect capsaicin accumulation as well as microorganisms by increasing activity of plant hormones. Important factor that affect capsaicin synthase is also fotoperiod. Illumination positively affects expression of a gen for capsaicin synthase and negatively the induction of peroxidase, which purpose is decomposition of capsaicin.
Secondary keywords:	capsaicin;secondary metabolites;factors that affect capsaicin;capsaicin content;
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme:	0
Embargo end date (OpenAIRE):	1970-01-01
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fak., Oddelek za agronomijo
Pages:	VI, 19 str.
ID:	11227599