diplomsko delo
Benjamin Agić (Author), Marjetka Suhadolc (Mentor)

Abstract

Fosfor (P) je esencialno hranilo in je pomemben omejujoč dejavnik v kmetijski pridelavi. Pri gnojenju z mineralnimi gnojili, se fosfor zaradi visoke reaktivnosti hitro veže v nedostopno obliko fosforja. Za premagovanje tega problema bi lahko uporabili fosfor-raztapljajoče mikroorganizme. Fosfor-raztapljajoči mikroorganizmi so skupina koristnih mikroorganizmov, ki so sposobni pretvorbe organskega in anorganskega fosforja iz ne topnih v topno obliko. Ker je večina talnega fosforja v ne topni obliki, je kot tak nedostopen za rastline, kot tudi za prenose v ekosistemu. Glavni mehanizem povečanja topnosti fosforja je izločanje organskih kislin, ki znižajo pH talne raztopine in povečajo topnost fosforja. Drugi mehanizmi so še izločanje siderofor (Fe3+ kelatnih molekul), ki imajo vpliv na topnost anorgansko vezanega fosforja in encimov, ki so pomembni za topnost organsko vezanega fosforja. V kislih tleh se fosfor veže na železove/aluminijeve okside, v bazičnih tleh se obarja in nastaja kalcijev fosfat. Najpomembnejši fosfor-raztapljajoči bakteriji sta iz rodu Bacillus in Pseudomonas. Najpomembnejši fosfor raztapljajoči glivi sta iz rodu Aspergillus in Penicillium. Arbuskularne mikorizne glive lahko močno izboljšajo preskrbo rastlin s fosforjem. Inokulacija semen pšenice z bakterijami iz rodu Bacillus in Azotobacter lahko poveča pridelek od 30 do 40 %. Večina laboratorijskih poskusov nakazuje na uspešno delovanje fosfor-raztapljajočih mikroorganizmov. Pri poskusih na polju so znanstveniki zabeležili slabše rezultate, predvsem zaradi visoke puferne kapacitete tal, ki onemogoča eksudacijo zadostne količine organskih kislin, ki bi raztopile fosfor. Namen diplomskega dela je bil predstaviti mehanizme delovanja fosfor-raztapljajočih mikroorganizmov in njihov vpliv na pridelek.

Keywords

fosfor;dostopnost;mikroorganizmi;fosfor raztapljajoče bakterije;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UL BF - Biotechnical Faculty
Publisher: [B. Agić]
UDC: 631.461.7(043.2)
COBISS: 9293689 Link will open in a new window
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Downloads: 155
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms and their role in phosphorus solubility in agricultural soils
Secondary abstract: Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient element and one of the major limiting factors in agricultural production. Because of phosphorus reactivity, it bounds into un-available forms after fertilizer application. We can concur this problem by using of phosphorus-solubilizing microorganisms. Phosphorus-solubilizing microorganisms are group of beneficial microorganisms, which are able of transforming inorganic and organic forms of insoluble phosphorus into soluble forms. Most of soil phosphorus is in unavailable to plants and to transfer in ecosystem. Main mechanism of phosphorus-solubilizing microorganisms is exudation of organic acids that make phosphorus available by lowering the pH of soil. Other mechanisms are exudation of siderophores (Fe3+ chelating molecules), that are responsible for solubility of inorganic phosphorus and enzymes, which are important for solubility of organic phosphorus. In acid soils phosphorus bounds to form iron and aluminum oxides and in alkaline soils it precipitates to form calcium phosphate. The most important genera of phosphorus-soluble bacteria are Bacillus and Pseudomonas and the most important genera of phosphorus-solubilizing fungi are Aspergillus and Penicillium. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can substantially increase supply of phosphorus to plants. Inoculation of Triticum aestivum seeds with Bacillus and Azotobacter can result in higher yields of grain up to 40 %. Most of laboratory studies points toward effectiveness of phosphorus-solubilizing microorganisms. However, scientists in field experiments do not have the same results. The main reason is high buffering capacity of soil and therefore, microorganisms are not able to exudate enough organic acids into the soil to solubilize phosphorus. This thesis focuses on phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms and their mechanisms on phosphorus solubility and their plant growth promotion.
Secondary keywords: phosphorus;availabillity;plant growth promoting bacteria;phosphate solubilizing bacteria;
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme: 0
Embargo end date (OpenAIRE): 1970-01-01
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fak., Oddelek za agronomijo
Pages: VI, 19 str.
ID: 11228365