diplomsko delo
Ana Marija Capuder (Author), Darja Ovijač (Reviewer), Suzana Mlinar (Mentor)

Abstract

Uvod: Kronična ledvična bolezen prizadane vedno več ljudi. Za povečano tveganje za nastanek kronične ledvične bolezni so dovzetni predvsem pacienti s sladkorno boleznijo, pacienti z zvišanim krvnim tlakom, pacienti z boleznimi srca in ožilja, ljudje s prekomerno telesno težo, sorodniki pacientov s kronično ledvično boleznijo in vsi starejši od 50 let. Kronična ledvična bolezen in hiperkaliemija se lahko do določene meje nadzorujeta s prehrano, gibalno dejavnostjo in izogibanjem dejavnikom tveganja. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti hiperkaliemijo pri kronični ledvični bolezni ter opisati smernice za prehrano in gibalno dejavnost pri pacientih s kronično ledvično boleznijo. Metode dela: S pomočjo deskriptivne metode dela smo pregledali strokovno domačo in tujo literaturo, ki je bila objavljena med letoma 2009 in 2019. Za iskanje literature smo uporabili podatkovne baze: COBIB.SI, CHINAHL, PubMed/Medline, Science Direct in Google Učenjak. Rezultati: Za preprečevanje zapletov pri kronični ledvični bolezni so pomembni prehranski ukrepi. Pacient mora zaužiti primerno količino hranil, ter spremljati razmerje med beljakovinami, ogljikovimi hidrati in maščobami. Pomembna je omejitev vnosa soli, kalija in tekočine. Z vadbo za moč se zmanjša atrofija mišic, z aerobno vadbo (hoja, kolesarjenje, plavanje) se ohranja zmogljivost srca in ožilja. Redna gibalna dejavnost pacientom izboljša kakovost življenja, poveča telesno zmogljivost, učinkovitost, zmanjša depresijo ter zniža krvni tlak. Razprava in zaključek: Določene tuje smernice priporočajo uvajanje vegetarijanstva ali vsaj delnega vegetarijanstva za paciente s kronično ledvično boleznijo. Prehrana na rastlinski osnovi je povezana z zmanjševanjem številnih faktorjev, ki vplivajo na napredovanje bolezni, kot so hipertenzija, uremični toksini, vnetje in oksidativni stres, presnovne motnje.

Keywords

diplomska dela;zdravstvena nega;kronična ledvična bolezen;hiperkaliemija;telesna vadba;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UL ZF - University College of Health Studies
Publisher: [A. M. Capuder]
UDC: 616-083
COBISS: 5712235 Link will open in a new window
Views: 1678
Downloads: 283
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Hyperkalemia in chronic kidney disease patients and the role of a nurse
Secondary abstract: Introduction: Chronic kidney disease affects more and more people nowadays. Those susceptible to chronic kidney disease are mainly patients with diabetes, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, as well as overweight individuals and all individuals over the age of 50. To a certain extent, chronic kidney disease and hyperkalemia can be managed through diet and exercise, and by avoiding risk factors. Purpose: The purpose of this diploma work is to present hyperkalemia in combination with chronic kidney disease and to describe dietary and exercise guidelines for patients suffering from chronic kidney disease. Methods: The method of research used is descriptive – the diploma work is based on academic literature, published by Slovenian and other authors between the years 2009 and 2019. The literature was sourced through the following databases: COBIB.SI, CHINAHL, PubMed/Medline, Science Direct and Google Scholar. Results: To avoid further complications of chronic kidney disease, some dietary restrictions must be implemented. The patient must consume an appropriate amount of nutrients, and monitor the ratio between proteins, carbohydrates and fats. It is important to restrict salt, potassium and liquid intake. Strength training reduces muscle atrophy while aerobic exercise (walking, cycling and swimming) maintains cardiovascular health. Regular physical exercise improves quality of life and increases the level of physical performance and efficiency. It reduces depression and the concentration of inflammatory proteins, as well as blood pressure. Discussion and conclusion: Some foreign chronic kidney disease guidelines recommend becoming vegetarian or partially vegetarian. Plant based diets reduce the presence of several factors, which contribute to disease progression, such as hypertension, uremic toxins, inflammation, oxidative stress and metabolic disorders.
Secondary keywords: diploma theses;nursing care;chronic kidney disease;hyperkalemia;exercise;
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme: 0
Embargo end date (OpenAIRE): 1970-01-01
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Zdravstvena fak., Oddelek za zdravstveno nego
Pages: 28 str.
ID: 11259122