magistrsko delo
Eva Polančec (Author), Damjana Kogovšek (Mentor), Jerneja Novšak Brce (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Jecljanje je motnja fluentnosti, ki je prisotna v vseh kulturah in rasah, s katero se soočajo posamezniki v vseh življenjskih obdobjih, tako moški kot ženske. Ob tem velja izpostaviti, da jeclja več otrok kot odraslih. Gre za kompleksno, večdimenzionalno motnjo, ki se pri vsakem posamezniku izraža v individualni kombinaciji temeljih in sekundarnih vedenj ter čustev in stališč. Glede na čas pojava jecljanja ločimo razvojno in pridobljeno jecljanje. V magistrskem delu se osredotočamo na razvojno jecljanje – tj. nevrorazvojno motnjo, ki se pojavi v otroštvu. Raziskave kažejo, da imajo pomemben vpliv na pojav jecljanja različni faktorji ter da predšolski otroci, ki jecljajo, potrebujejo čimprejšnjo vključitev v obravnavo, zato je ustrezna diagnostika jecljanja ključnega pomena. V teoretičnih izhodiščih so najprej opredeljeni ključni pojmi, saj terminologija področja motenj fluentnosti še ni povsem poenotena. Natančneje je opredeljeno jecljanje oz. razvojno jecljanje, predstavljen je čas njegovega pojava, prevalenca in incidenca ter spontano izzvenevanje motnje. Ob simptomatologiji, tj. temeljnih vedenjih, sekundarnih vedenjih ter čustvih in stališčih, je predstavljena etiologija razvojnega jecljanja. Posebna pozornost je namenjena diagnostiki razvojnega jecljanja v predšolskem obdobju – načelom ocenjevanja znakov razvojnega jecljanja pri predšolskem otroku, poteku diagnostičnega procesa ter pomenu zagotavljanja ustrezne podpore otrokom, ki jecljajo. Slovenski strokovnjaki na področju logopedije, ki se ukvarjajo z jecljanjem, poročajo o pomanjkanju ustreznega diagnostičnega materiala za motnje fluentnosti. Zaradi tega razloga je bil namen empiričnega dela oblikovati vprašalnik,s pomočjo katerega bi lahko pridobili ključne informacije o fluentnosti otrokovega govora. Na podlagi pregleda strokovne literature kot tudi prek pogovora s strokovnjaki smo sestavili vprašalnik, ki smo ga preizkusili na manjšem namenskem vzorcu predšolskih otrok ob soglasju staršev. Vzorec predstavljajo štirje predšolski otroci, pri katerih so starši zaradi zaskrbljenosti glede fluentnosti otrokovega govora poiskali pomoč logopeda na pristojnih institucijah (Zavod za gluhe in naglušne v Ljubljani, Center za sluh in govor v Mariboru). Vprašalnik so starši izpolnili na prvem pregledu, tj. pred vključitvijo otroka v terapijo jecljanja. Ugotovili smo, da so jecljanje pri vseh otrocih prvi opazili starši ter da imajo vsi v vzorec vključeni predšolski otroci pozitivno družinsko zgodovino jecljanja pri moškem sorodniku. O zavedanju svojega jecljanja so spregovorili trije od štirih predšolskih otrok, izvzet je le najmlajši deček. Največ sekundarnega vedenja je opaženega pri najstarejšem dečku ter najmanj pri najmlajšem, kar sicer sovpada s spoznanji strokovne literature, a zaradi majhnosti vzorca ugotovitve ne moremo posploševati. Podobno pri družinski dinamiki ni mogoče poročati o zanesljivih ugotovitvah in morebitnem sovpadanju s spoznanji strokovne literature. Zaključujemo, da vprašalnik omogoča pridobivanje ključnih podatkov o fluentnosti govora predšolskih otrok, vendar v magistrskem delu pridobljenih odgovorov zaradi majhnosti vzorca ni mogoče posploševati.

Keywords

govor;motnje fluentnosti;vprašalnik;predšolsko obdobje;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization: UL PEF - Faculty of Education
Publisher: [E. Polančec]
UDC: 376:808.5:616.89-008.434(043.2)
COBISS: 12654153 Link will open in a new window
Views: 524
Downloads: 68
Average score: 0 (0 votes)
Metadata: JSON JSON-RDF JSON-LD TURTLE N-TRIPLES XML RDFA MICRODATA DC-XML DC-RDF RDF

Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Assessment of stuttering characteristics in preschool children
Secondary abstract: Stuttering is a fluency disorder, present in every culture and race. Individuals – men and women – face stuttering in all life spans. It should be emphasized that more children than adults stutter. It is a complex multidimensional disorder which is expressed in an individual combination of core and secondary behaviors, feelings, and attitudes in every individual. With regards to the onset of stuttering, we distinct between developmental and acquired stuttering. In the master’s thesis, we focus on developmental stuttering, i.e. neurodevelopmental disorder which emerges in childhood. The research shows that different factors have an important influence on the emergence of stuttering and that preschool children who stutter need to be included in therapy as soon as possible. Therefore, the appropriate diagnostics of stuttering is of essential significance. In the theoretical starting points, the essential conceptions are defined first, as the terminology of the field of fluency disorder is not yet entirely unified. Stuttering, i.e. developmental stuttering, is defined in more detail. The onset of its emergence, prevalence, and incidence, and spontaneous disappearance of the disorder is presented. Along with the symptomology of developmental stuttering, i.e. core behaviors, secondary behaviors, and feelings and attitudes, the etiology of developmental stuttering is presented. Special attention is paid to diagnostics of developmental stuttering in the preschool period – to the principles of evaluating the symptoms of developmental stuttering in a preschool child, the course of the diagnostic process, and the significance of ensuring the appropriate support to children who stutter. Slovenian professionals in the field of speech and language therapy who operate with stuttering report the lack of appropriate diagnostic materials for fluency disorders. For this reason, the purpose of the empirical part was to form a questionnaire which enables acquiring the essential information with regards to the fluency of the child speech. This was performed by means of reviewing the literature and by conversations with the experts. The questionnaire was then used on a smaller purposive sample of preschool children with their parents’ approval of cooperating in the research. Four preschool children whose parents worried because of fluency of the child’s speech sought the help of a speech and language therapist at the competent institution (Institute for the Deaf and Hearing-Impaired in Ljubljana, Hearing and Speech Center in Maribor) are included in the sample. The questionnaire was filled in by the parents at the first examination, i.e. before the inclusion of a child to the stuttering therapy. We ascertained that stuttering was first noticed by the parents in all children and that all the preschool children included in the sample have a positive family history of stuttering in the line of their male relative. Three out of four preschool children spoke about being aware of their stuttering. Only the youngest boy was excluded from the process. Most of the secondary behavior was noticed in the oldest boy and the least at the youngest boy, which correlates with the ascertaining of the expert literature. Because the sample was small, however, we cannot generalize the ascertainment. Similarly, in the case of family dynamics, we cannot report about reliable ascertainments and possible correlation of the expert literature. We conclude that the questionnaire enables gaining the essential data on the fluency of the speech of preschool children. However, we cannot generalize the answers gained in the master’s thesis because of the smallness of the sample.
Secondary keywords: stammer;pre-school child;jecljanje;predšolski otrok;
File type: application/pdf
Type (COBISS): Master's thesis/paper
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Pedagoška fak., Logopedija in surdopedagogika
Pages: 70 str.
ID: 11264193