diplomsko delo
Marina Gantar (Author), Karmen Godič Torkar (Reviewer), Anamarija Zore (Mentor)

Abstract

Okužbe, povezane z zdravstvom, predstavljajo velik problem današnje družbe, saj so pomemben vzrok obolevnosti in umrljivosti bolnikov. Poleg doslednega umivanja in razkuževanja rok pa je zelo pomembna tudi skrb za čisto bolnišnično okolje, ki ga zagotavljamo z uporabo čistil in raznih protimikrobnih pripravkov. Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti problem, ki ga predstavljajo okužbe, povezane z zdravstvom, in načine, kako jih lahko obvladujemo ter preprečujemo. Metode: V diplomskem delu smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo dela s pregledom literature. Relevantne znanstvene in strokovne članke smo iskali po podatkovnih bazah Science Direct, Cinahl, Medline, Pubmed. Uporabili smo članke, objavljene v celotnem besedilu med letoma 2008 in 2018. Zaradi aktualnosti vsebine smo uporabili tudi nekatere starejše članke. Pri iskanju člankov smo si pomagali tudi s spletno stranjo Inštituta za mikrobiologijo in imunologijo, Nacionalnega inštituta za javno zdravje in z iskalnikom Google Scholar. Ključne besede, ki smo jih uporabili, so: okužbe, povezane z zdravstvom, večkratno odporni mikroorganizmi, razkuževanje površin, antibakterijski nanosi/premazi. Pri raziskavi, izvedeni v Centru slepih, slabovidnih in starejših Škofja Loka, smo za oceno čistosti površin uporabili hitro metodo ATP. Rezultati: Protimikrobne premaze glede na funkcionalnost delimo na: antiadhezivne (preprečijo oz. zmanjšajo moč oprijema med bakterijo in površino), kontaktno aktivne (inaktivirajo bakterijo ob stiku, medtem ko so vezane na površino) in premaze, ki sproščajo biocide (imajo visoko učinkovitost, hkrati pa veliko pomanjkljivosti, so strupeni, postopno neaktivni in vplivajo na nastanek bakterijske odpornosti). Pri izdelavi protibakterijskih premazov se najpogosteje srečujemo z nanodelci, srebrom, bakrom, UV-tehnologijo, vodikovim peroksidom, cinkovim oksidom in titanovim oksidom. S pilotno študijo ugotavljanja čistosti površin, ki smo jo izvedli, smo dokazali, da je uporabljen protimikrobni premaz bolj učinkovit na plastičnih površinah kot na kovinskih. Razprava in zaključek: Zelo velik napredek se kaže pri odkrivanju oz. razvijanju protimikrobnih premazov in pri njihovem izpopolnjevanju, da dosežejo maksimalne rezultate. Najbolj uporabne so se izkazale kontaktno aktivne snovi oz. sredstva kombiniranih funkcionalnosti. Prednost takih premazov, ki delujejo bolj na fizikalen način, je v tem, da mikrobi proti njim ne morejo razviti odpornosti, kot je to običajno pri razkužilih. Hkrati pa je potrebno nenehno izobraževanje zdravstvenega osebja in bolnikov pri doslednem upoštevanju higienskih predpisov in umivanju ter razkuževanju rok.

Keywords

diplomska dela;zdravstvena nega;okužbe v zdravstvu;večkratno odporni mikroorganizmi;razkuževanje površin;antibakterijski nanosi;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UL ZF - University College of Health Studies
Publisher: [M. Gantar]
UDC: 616-083
COBISS: 5751147 Link will open in a new window
Views: 722
Downloads: 207
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Prevention of the healthcare-associated infections with the use of antimicrobal coatining surfaces
Secondary abstract: Healthcare-associated infections represent a big problem in today's society, because they are a very important reason for morbidity and mortality of patients. Besides consistent washing and hand disinfection, it is also very important to keep the hospital environment clean, which can be achieved by using the appropriate cleaners and antimicrobial preparations. The purpose of my diploma work is to introduce the problem that is posed by healthcare-associated infections and the ways how to control and prevent them. Methods: In our diploma work, we used the descriptive method with the literature overview. Relevant scientific and professional articles were searched through the Science, Direct, Cinahl, Medline, and Pubmed databases. We used the articles published between 2008 and 2018 and the articles published in full text. We only used the articles older than 10 years if their topic was relevant. We also searched articles on the websites of Institute of Microbiology and Immunology and National Institute for Public Health as well as with Google Scholar search engine. The keywords that were used are healthcare-associated, multi-resistant microorganisms, disinfecting surfaces, and antibacterial coatings. In the research conducted at the Centre for the Blind, the Visually Impaired and the Elderly, we used the ATP quick method for the assessment of surface cleanliness. Results: Antimicrobial coatings are divided in terms of functionality into anti-adhesive (preventing the grip between bacteria and surface), contact active (inactivating bacterium upon contact while bound to the surface), and biocide-releasing substances (having high efficacy and also many disadvantages, toxicity, gradual inactivity, and the emergence of bacterial resistance). In the manufacture of antibacterial coatings, we most often encounter nanoparticles, silver, copper, UV technology, hydrogen peroxide, zinc peroxide, and titanium peroxide. A pilot study of surface cleanliness that was carried out showed that the antimicrobial coating used is more effective on plastic surfaces than on metal surfaces. Discussion and conclusion: A great progress is being made in detecting and developing antimicrobial coatings and refining them for maximum results. The contact active agents or the agents of combined functionalities proved to be the most useful. The advantage of such physical-acting coatings is that germs cannot develop resistance to them, as is usually the case with disinfectants. At the same time, a continuing education of healthcare staff and patients is required in strict compliance with hygiene regulations as well as hand washing and disinfection
Secondary keywords: diploma theses;nursing care;healthcare-associated infections;multiple resistance microorganisms;disinfecting surfaces;antibacterial coatings;
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme: 0
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Zdravstvena fak., Oddelek za zdravstveno nego
Pages: 33 str.
ID: 11334325