Vloga zasebnih vojaških podjetij med vojno v Iraku

diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študijskega programa Varstvoslovje

Peter Mraz (Author), Andrej Sotlar (Mentor)

Abstract

Vojna v Iraku se je začela 20. marca 2003, uradno pa se je končala 18. decembra 2011. ZDA, Avstralija, Poljska in Velika Britanija so ob podpori petinštiridesetih drugih držav brez predhodne odobritve Varnostnega sveta Združenih narodov izvedle vojaško invazijo na Irak, čemur so nasprotovale predvsem Rusija, Francija, Nemčija in večina arabskih držav. Šlo je za dlje časa trajajoč oborožen konflikt med mednarodnimi vojaškimi silami z ZDA na čelu in iraško vojsko, ter kasneje uporniškimi frakcijami v Iraku. ZDA je v iraški vojni poleg lastnih oboroženih sil najemala tudi pripadnike zasebnih vojaških podjetij, ki so se borili na strani mednarodne koalicije zavezniških sil. Zasebna vojaška podjetja so po svoji naravi pravne osebe, ki opravljajo vojaške in varnostne storitve. Zaradi spremembe ustroja vojsk v zahodnem svetu po hladni vojni se je v sodobne oborožene konflikte v vse večji meri vključeval zasebni sektor. Potreba po zasebnih vojaških podjetjih je bila najbolj razvidna med vojno v Iraku, kjer so bila uporabljena v obsegu, kakršnemu do takrat še nismo bili priča. ZDA se je kot največja svetovna sila močno zanašala na uporabo zasebnih vojaških podjetij, saj je v določenih letih vojne v Iraku število pripadnikov teh podjetij preseglo število pripadnikov oboroženih sil ZDA. Razloga za odvisnost ZDA od vojaških podjetij v času iraške vojne sta bila nezmožnost ameriških oboroženih sil, da opravijo vse potrebne vojaške naloge in zmanjševanje negativnega političnega vpliva vojne. Uporaba zasebnih vojaških podjetij je postala širši ameriški in mednarodni javnosti znana zaradi nekaterih medijsko odmevnih incidentov, v katerih so bili udeleženi pripadniki teh podjetij. Prav tako ZDA niso imele na voljo niti učinkovitega pravnega mehanizma niti politične volje, ki bi omogočala kazenski pregon pripadnikov zasebnih vojaških podjetij v primeru storitve kaznivega dejanja. Pregon kaznivih dejanj, ki so jih storili pripadniki zasebnih vojaških podjetij med vojno v Iraku, je bil zaradi pomanjkanja zakonske podlage težaven in v nekaterih primerih nemogoč.

Keywords

diplomske naloge;zasebna vojaška podjetja;Irak;ZDA;vojna;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2020
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UM FVV - Faculty of Criminal Justice
Publisher:	[P. Mraz]
UDC:	355.3(043.2)
COBISS:	3861738
Views:	702
Downloads:	59
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	The role of private military companies in iraq war
Secondary abstract:	The war in Iraq began on March 20, 2003 and officially ended on December 18, 2011. The United States, Poland, Australia and Great Britain along with forty-five other countries launched a military invasion of Iraq without the prior approval of the United Nations Security Council. Russia, France, Germany and a majority of Arab states opposed the military invasion of Iraq. The Iraq War was a prolonged armed conflict between the international coalition of allied forces, led by the U.S., and the Iraqi Army, and later the rebel factions in Iraq. In addition to its own Armed Forces, the U.S. hired members of private military companies to fight in the Iraq War on the side of the international coalition of allied forces. Private military companies are, by their very nature, legal entities providing military and security services. The change in the composition of the post-Cold War armies in the Western world has increasingly involved the private sector in modern armed conflicts. This was very evident in the Iraq War, where private military companies were used to an extent we had never witnessed before. The United States, as the world's largest power, relied heavily on the use of private military companies. In some years of the Iraq War, the number of members of these companies exceeded that of the U.S. Armed Forces. The reason for the U.S. dependence on military companies during the Iraq War was the inability of the U.S. Armed Forces to carry out all the necessary military tasks and to reduce the negative political impact of the war. The use of private military companies has become widely known to the U.S. and international public because of some high-profile media incidents involving members of these companies. Nor did the US have the political will or an effective legal mechanism in place to prosecute members of private military companies if they committed a crime while performing their duty, or even if they committed a crime off duty. The prosecution of crimes committed by members of private military companies during the Iraq War was difficult and, in some cases, impossible due to a lack of legal basis.
Secondary keywords:	private military companies;Iraq;USA;war;
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za varnostne vede, Ljubljana
Pages:	VIII, 34 str.
ID:	11462168