Vpliv velikih rastlinojedih parkljarjev in velikosti vrzeli na pomlajevanje dinarskih jelovo-bukovih gozdov v GGE Črni Vrh

diplomsko delo - visokošolski strokovni študij

Bojan Rovan (Author), Jurij Diaci (Mentor), Klemen Jerina (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Na zmanjševanje deleža jelke v jelovo-bukovih gozdovih poleg podnebnih dejavnikov in načina gospodarjenja z gozdovi vplivajo tudi veliki rastlinojedi parkljarji, ki z objedanjem mladih drevesc otežujejo njeno pomlajevanje. Namen diplomske naloge je preučiti, ali velikost gozdnih vrzeli vpliva na stopnjo objedanja jelke in drugih drevesnih vrst s strani rastlinojede divjadi. Popis gozdnega mladja v GGE Črni Vrh smo opravili poleti 2008 na 120 naključno izbranih ploskvah velikosti 1,5 x 1,5 m. Polovico ploskev smo izbrali v malih vrzelih oz. v okolici malih vrzeli, polovico pa v velikih vrzelih oz. v njihovi okolici. Velike vrzeli so imele premer večji od dveh sestojnih višin, premer malih vrzeli pa je bil večji od polovice ene sestojne višine in manjši od ene sestojne višine. Skupna objedenost mladja vseh drevesnih vrst je znašala 69 %. Visoka je bila tudi stopnja objedenosti jelke, saj smo znake poškodb zabeležili na kar 81 % vseh osebkov. Posledično je pomlajevanje jelke kot pomembne graditeljice jelovo-bukovih gozdov zelo oteženo, na nekaterih predelih pa celo onemogočeno. Visoko objedenost smo zaznali tudi pri ostalih drevesnih vrstah. Tako je objedenost pri gorskem javorju, najpogostejši drevesni vrsti v mladju, znašala 78 %. Razlik med gostotami mladja v malih in velikih vrzelih nismo ugotovili, prav tako nismo ugotovili statistično značilnih razlik v stopnji objedanja med malimi in velikimi vrzelmi. Rezultati kažejo, da pri obnovitvenih sečnjah z oblikovanjem večjih vrzeli bistveno ne zmanjšamo stopnje objedanja, verjetno pa tudi bistveno ne izboljšamo prehranske ponudbe za divjad. Gojitelj se mora v večji meri posvetiti uravnoteženemu stanju razvojnih faz, kot pa prilagajanju velikosti vrzeli. Na ta način bo izboljšal pogoje, ki bodo omogočali divjadi zadostno količino kvalitetne hrane, gozdu pa nemoten proces pomlajevanja vseh drevesnih vrst.

Keywords

objedanje mladja;vrzeli;naravno pomlajevanje;rastlinojeda divjad;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2014
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UL BF - Biotechnical Faculty
Publisher:	[B. Rovan]
UDC:	63023+63052:630*45(043.2)=163.6
COBISS:	3970982
Views:	558
Downloads:	125
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
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Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Impact of large herbivores and gap size on natural regeneration of dinaric fir and beech forests in GGE Črni Vrh
Secondary abstract:	The decrease of Silver Fir in fir-beech forests in addition to climatic factors and methods of forest management is also affected by large herbivorous ungulates, which may hinder the regeneration of forests by browsing young trees. The purpose of thesis was to investigate the effects of size of gaps on browsing level on Silver Fir and other tree species caused by herbivorous ungulates. Inventory of regeneration was conducted in summer 2008 on 120 plots (1,5m x 1,5m in size) in GGE Črni Vrh. Half of plots were chosen on small canopy gaps or near small gaps, other half on large gaps or near. Large gaps were defined as gaps with diameter of more than two tree height, while small gaps as gaps with diameter of 0,5-1 tree height. Specifications and measurements were conducted using GPS device. Total damage on saplings inside gaps was 69%. Damage on Silver Fir was high % 81%. Consequently, fir rejuvenation as an important builder of fir-beech forests is very difficult, in some areas even impossible. High browsing pressure was found also on other tree species. Damage on Sycamore Maple, which was the most frequent tree species in saplings, was 78%. We did not find differences between the densities of saplings in small and large gaps; moreover, we did not find statistically significant differences in the level of browsing between small and large gaps. Results show that after felling we do not minimize browsing with forming larger gaps but probably do not improve nutrition supply for herbivorous ungulates. The silviculture should be largely devoted to a balanced state of development phases, rather than adjusting the size of the gap. This will improve the conditions that will allow the game a sufficient amount of quality food and the woods the smooth process of rejuvenation of all tree species.
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fakulteta, Oddelek za gozdarstvo in obnovljive gozdne vire
Pages:	IX, 62 str.
ID:	11476530